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Imperialism and America
Section 18-1pp. 548-551
Preview Questions
What were the major factors that contributed to the growth of American imperialism?
How did the United States acquire Alaska and Hawaii?
American Expansionism
Imperialism: Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
Why Imperialism?
Desire for military strength
Thirst for new markets
Cultural superiority
American Expansionism
Military Strength
Establish a global military presence
Alfred T. Mahan: Urged creation of modern navy
American Expansionism
New Markets
Industrialization created need for new markets and raw materials
Cultural Superiority
Social Darwinism
Racial Superiority
Duty to spread Christianity
US Acquires Alaska
“Seward’s Folly”
Bought Alaska for $7.2m from Russia in 1867
US Takes Hawaii
Annexation
US businesses want annexation to avoid sugar tariffs
Businessmen overthrow Hawaiian Queen Sanford Dole heads temporary gov’t
Republic of Hawaii annexed in 1898
The Spanish-American WarSection 18-2pp. 552-557
Preview Questions
How did Americans feel about the Cuban revolt against Spain?
What events escalated the conflict between the US and Spain?
What were the consequences of the war for Spain and the US?
Cubans Rebel Against Spain
Americans invest heavily in Cuban sugarcane
Cuban War for Independence
Led by Jose Marti
US sugar mills attacked to provoke involvement
American opinion split
War Fever
Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba
Sent 300,000 Cubans to concentration camps
Headline Wars
Yellow Journalism: Reporting that exaggerates news to make it exciting
Deepens American sympathy for the war cause
War Fever
DeLome Letter
McKinley tries diplomacy to avoid war
Letter from Spanish diplomat insults McKinley
Americans outraged
War Fever
•U.S.S. Maine Explodes
•Cause unknown, newspapers blame Spain
•Americans call for war
War Erupts
War in Philippines
George Dewey led U.S. attack on Spanish fleet at Manila
Filipinos support Dewey in hopes of independence
Spanish troops surrender in August 1898
War in the Caribbean
U.S. navy blockaded Cuba
U.S. relied heavily on ill-equipped volunteer soldiers
War Erupts
•Rough Riders
•Volunteer regiment led by T. Roosevelt
•Clear path for victory at San Juan Hill
•US Navy destroyed Spanish fleet
•US invaded Puerto Rico July 25, 1898
War Erupts
Treaty of Paris
Granted Cuba independence
Puerto Rico and Guam given to U.S.
U.S. paid Spain $20m for Philippines
War Erupts
Debate Over the Treaty
Controversy over U.S. right to annex Philippines “Christianize” Filipinos?
Violated Declaration of Independence?
U.S. approved annexation in 1899
Acquiring New LandsSection 18-3pp. 558-564
Post-War Events
US took control of Puerto Rico in 1898
Foraker Act: Ended military rule, set up civil government
US occupied Cuba after war
Platt Amendment: Limited Cuba’s rights in dealing with other nations
Gave U.S. right to intervene
Post-War Events
Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo leads protest against US
Rebellion 1899-1902 that led to self-rule
Foreign Influence in China
Open Door Policy
Calls for China’s ports to remain open and independent
No nation gets special privileges
Boxer Rebellion
Rebellion against Western presence in China
Troops sent to supress rebellion
Impact of Imperialism
McKinley’s election in 1900 showed US supported imperialism
Anti-Imperialist League
Cleveland, Carnegie, Twain, and Addams
Wrong for U.S. to rule others without consent
America as a World PowerSection 18-4pp. 565-571
Preview Questions
How did Theodore Roosevelt exercise American power?
Why did President Wilson send troops into Mexico?
TR and the World
TR negotiated Treaty of Portsmouth
Ended Russo-Japanese War
TR won Nobel Peace Prize
US prestige increased
TR and the World
U.S. sent warships to secure Panama’s independence
U.S. gained rights to build canal
Damaged relationship with Latin America
Panama Canal is completed in 1914
Decreased travel time between Atlantic and Pacific
U.S. increased power and prestige
TR and the World
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
Said U.S. would be willing to use military power to protect its economic interests in Latin America
Leads to “Dollar Diplomacy” U.S. will use military force to guarantee loans
made to foreign nations
Leads to U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua
Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Wilson refused to recognize any oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile government
Conflict with Mexico
Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta’s government
Uses minor incident to occupy Veracruz
Recognized Carranza government
Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Rebellion in Mexico
Pancho Villa Wanted war between
Carranza and US
Killed 16 Americans in raid
U.S. General Pershing invaded Mexico and crushed Villa’s forces in 1916
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