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ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20111

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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Image Transforms

Digital Image ProcessingFundamentals of Digital Image 

Processing, A. K. Jain

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20112

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• 2D Orthogonal and Unitary Transform:– Orthogonal Series Expansion:

– {ak,l(m,n)}: a set of complete orthonormal basis:– Orthonormality:– Completeness:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20113

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• 2D Orthogonal and Unitary Transform:– v (m,n): Transformed coefficients– V={v (m,n)}: Transformed Image– Orthonormality requires:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20114

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Separable Unitary Transform:– Computational Complexity of former: O(N4)– With Separable Transform: O(N3)

– Orthonormality and Completeness:• A={a(k,m)} and B={b(l,n)} are unitary:

– Usually B is selected same as A (A=B):

– Unitary Transform!

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20115

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Separable Unitary Transform:

– Basis Images:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20116

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Properties of Unitary Transform:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20117

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Two Dimensional Fourier Transform:

• Matrix Notation:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20118

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• DFT Properties:– Symmetric Unitary– Periodic Extension– Sampled Fourier– Fast– Conjugate Symmetry– Circular Convolution

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20119

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Basis of DFT (Real and Imaginary):

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201110

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Basis of DFT (Real and Imaginary):

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201111

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

11

• Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT):– 1D Cases:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201112

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Properties of DCT:– Real and Orthogonal: C=C* → C-1=CT

– Not! Real part of DFT– Fast Transform– Excellent Energy compaction (Highly Correlated Data)

• Two Dimensional Cases:– A=A*=C

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201113

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• DCT Basis:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201114

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

14

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201115

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• DCT Basis:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201116

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Discrete Sine Transform (DST):– 1D Cases:

– 2D Case: A=A*=AT=Ψ

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201117

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

17

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201118

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Properties of DST:– Real, Symmetric and Orthogonal: Ψ = Ψ*= ΨT=Ψ-1

– Forward and Inverse are identical– Not! Imaginary part of DFT– Fast Transform

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201119

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Welsh‐Hadamard Transform (WHT): N=2n

– 1D Cases:

Walsh Function

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201120

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Welsh‐Hadamard Transform (WHT): N=2n

– 2D Cases: A=A*=AT=H

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201121

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Welsh‐Hadamard Transform Properties:– Real, Symmetric, and orthogonal: H=H*=HT= H-1

– Ultra Fast Transform (±1)– Good‐Very Good energy compactness

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201122

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Welsh‐Hadamard Basis:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201123

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Welsh‐Hadamard Basis

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201124

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Welsh‐Hadamard Basis

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201125

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Haar Transform  N=2n

– 1D Cases:

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201126

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Haar Transform  N=2n

– 1D Cases:

– 2D Cases: Hr*A*HrT

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201127

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Haar Basis Function

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201128

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Haar Transform  Properties– Real and Orthogonal: Hr=Hr* , Hr-1=HrT

– Fast Transform– Poor energy compactness

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201129

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Slant Transform (N=2n)

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201130

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

30

• Slant Transform (N=2n)

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201131

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

31

• Slant Basis Function

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201132

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

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• Slant Transform Properties:– Real and Orthogonal S=S* S-1=ST

– Fast– Very Good Compactness

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