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ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011 Digital Image Processing Image Transforms 1 Image Transforms Digital Image Processing Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, A. K. Jain

Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

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Page 1: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20111

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

1

Image Transforms

Digital Image ProcessingFundamentals of Digital Image 

Processing, A. K. Jain

Page 2: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20112

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

2

• 2D Orthogonal and Unitary Transform:– Orthogonal Series Expansion:

– {ak,l(m,n)}: a set of complete orthonormal basis:– Orthonormality:– Completeness:

Page 3: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20113

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

3

• 2D Orthogonal and Unitary Transform:– v (m,n): Transformed coefficients– V={v (m,n)}: Transformed Image– Orthonormality requires:

Page 4: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20114

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

4

• Separable Unitary Transform:– Computational Complexity of former: O(N4)– With Separable Transform: O(N3)

– Orthonormality and Completeness:• A={a(k,m)} and B={b(l,n)} are unitary:

– Usually B is selected same as A (A=B):

– Unitary Transform!

Page 5: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20115

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

5

• Separable Unitary Transform:

– Basis Images:

Page 6: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20116

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

6

• Properties of Unitary Transform:

Page 7: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20117

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

7

• Two Dimensional Fourier Transform:

• Matrix Notation:

Page 8: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20118

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

8

• DFT Properties:– Symmetric Unitary– Periodic Extension– Sampled Fourier– Fast– Conjugate Symmetry– Circular Convolution

Page 9: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 20119

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

9

• Basis of DFT (Real and Imaginary):

Page 10: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201110

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

10

• Basis of DFT (Real and Imaginary):

Page 11: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201111

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

11

• Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT):– 1D Cases:

Page 12: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201112

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

12

• Properties of DCT:– Real and Orthogonal: C=C* → C-1=CT

– Not! Real part of DFT– Fast Transform– Excellent Energy compaction (Highly Correlated Data)

• Two Dimensional Cases:– A=A*=C

Page 13: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201113

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

13

• DCT Basis:

Page 14: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201114

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

14

Page 15: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201115

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

15

• DCT Basis:

Page 16: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201116

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

16

• Discrete Sine Transform (DST):– 1D Cases:

– 2D Case: A=A*=AT=Ψ

Page 17: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201117

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

17

Page 18: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201118

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

18

• Properties of DST:– Real, Symmetric and Orthogonal: Ψ = Ψ*= ΨT=Ψ-1

– Forward and Inverse are identical– Not! Imaginary part of DFT– Fast Transform

Page 19: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201119

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

19

• Welsh‐Hadamard Transform (WHT): N=2n

– 1D Cases:

Walsh Function

Page 20: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201120

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

20

• Welsh‐Hadamard Transform (WHT): N=2n

– 2D Cases: A=A*=AT=H

Page 21: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201121

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

21

• Welsh‐Hadamard Transform Properties:– Real, Symmetric, and orthogonal: H=H*=HT= H-1

– Ultra Fast Transform (±1)– Good‐Very Good energy compactness

Page 22: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201122

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

22

• Welsh‐Hadamard Basis:

Page 23: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201123

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

23

• Welsh‐Hadamard Basis

Page 24: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201124

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

24

• Welsh‐Hadamard Basis

Page 25: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201125

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

25

• Haar Transform  N=2n

– 1D Cases:

Page 26: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201126

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

26

• Haar Transform  N=2n

– 1D Cases:

– 2D Cases: Hr*A*HrT

Page 27: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201127

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

27

• Haar Basis Function

Page 28: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201128

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

28

• Haar Transform  Properties– Real and Orthogonal: Hr=Hr* , Hr-1=HrT

– Fast Transform– Poor energy compactness

Page 29: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201129

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

29

• Slant Transform (N=2n)

Page 30: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201130

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

30

• Slant Transform (N=2n)

Page 31: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201131

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

31

• Slant Basis Function

Page 32: Image Transforms - Sharif University of Technology ...ee.sharif.edu/~dip/Files/DIPTransformForPrint.pdf · ee.sharif.edu/~dip E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 2011

ee.sharif.edu/~dip

E. Fatemizadeh, Sharif University of Technology, 201132

Digital Image Processing

Image Transforms

32

• Slant Transform Properties:– Real and Orthogonal S=S* S-1=ST

– Fast– Very Good Compactness