IceCube

IceCube

Christian Spiering, VLVNT WorkshopAmsterdam, October 2003

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Institutions: 11 US, 11 European, 1 Japanese and 1 Venezuelan

1. Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware 2. BUGH Wuppertal, Germany 3. Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium 4. CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, USA5. DESY-Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany 6. Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA7. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA 8. Department of Physics, Southern University and A\&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA9. Dept. of Physics, UC Berkeley, USA 10. Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany 11. University of Mons-Hainaut, Mons, Belgium 12. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA 13. Dept. of Astronomy, Dept. of Physics, SSEC, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA14. Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, USA 15. Division of High Energy Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 16. Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 17. Dept. of Physics, University of Alabama, USA18. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium 19. Chiba University, Japan20. Dept. of Astrophysics, Imperial College, UK21. Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, USA22. Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela 23. NIKHEF, Utrecht, Netherlands

IceCube Collaboration

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IceCube

1400 m

2400 m

AMANDA

South Pole

IceTop

- 80 Strings- 4800 PMT - Instrumented

volume: 1 km3

- Installation: 2004-2010

~ 80.000 atm. per year

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South Pole

Dark sector

AMANDA

IceCube

Dome

Skiway

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DrillingHot water drillingHot water drilling

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Amanda IceCube

Heat (surface) 2 MW 5 MW

Time to 2400 m 120-140 hours 35-40 hours

Fuel (gal/hole) 10,000 - 12,000 7,000 - 8,000

Set-up Time 5-6 weeks 18-25 days

Drilling: from Amanda to IceCube

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Drilling

Amanda (3-reel) and ICECUBE (1-reel) Drill

800m

1600m

2400m

Present system

#1

100 gpm

#2

71 gpm

#3

60 gpm

T = 2.3

WOTAN

176 gpm

T = 1

F/F0 = (d/d0)8/3(p/p0)

1/2

7/13/00

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Drilling

ICECUBE

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Deployment

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Digital Optical Module - (DOM)

Photomultiplier

33 cm

DOM

Captures waveforms with

- 250 MHz first 500 ns

- 40 MHz over 5000 ns

Time-stamps each pulse

- r.m.s. < 5 nsec

Dynamic range

- 200 PE over 15 ns

- 2000 PE over 5000 ns

Dead time < 1 %

Noise rate < 500 Hz

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DOM Main Board - March 2003

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DOR PCI-CardRead-out of 8 DOMs (2 per twisted pair cable)

10/7/2003

DAQ Network

Architecture

McParland et. al. -- A Preliminary Proposal for the IceCube DAQ System Architecture -- DRAFT7

DOMPair

20 kB/sec

StringProcessor

N x 20 kB/sec

.

All Hits -0.6 MB/sec

80 Strings

String Subsystem:60 DOMs

N pairs

Event LAN100 BaseT

Total traffic: 1.6 MB/secString

CoincidenceMessages

GlobalTrigger Event Triggers /

Lookback Requests forall Strings - 0.8 MB/sec

EventBuilder

Built events ~ 1 MB/sec(all event builders)

SAN(Network

Disk Storage)

"DOMHUB"

Lookback Requests

String CoincidenceMessages - 170 kB/sec

Fulfill Lookback Messages 0.6 MB/sec

FulfillLookbackMessages

Online LAN100 BaseT

Total traffic: 1MB/sec

Proposed IceCube DAQ Network Architecture

String LAN100 BaseT

Total traffic: 0.6 MB/sec

OfflineData

Handling

Tape

Satellite

String -Electronics in the ice Global

Timing

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String 18

Amanda DOM test string

- timing 3.5 ns r.m.s.- cable length << 1 ns r.m.s.- gain drift << 0.2% per week- down going muons as expected- 15% of events have > 1 hit

DOM board string 18

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Time Synchronization

DOM

Surface

tdown =tup=1/2(Tround-trip- t)

t

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cos

Aef

f /

km2

Effective area vs. zenith angle after rejection of background from downgoing atmospheric muons

Effective area vs. muon energy - after trigger- after rejection of atm - after cuts to get the ultimate sensitivity for point sources (optimized for 2 benchmark spectra)

Effective Area of IceCube

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Angres

Angular resolution as a function of zenith angle

above 1 TeV, resolution ~ 0.6 - 0.8 degrees for most zenith angles

0.8°0.6°

Waveforminformationnot used.Will improveresolution forhigh energies !

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Energy Spectrum Point Source Search

Blue: after downgoing muon rejectionRed: after cut on Nhit to get ultimate sensitivity

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Energy Spectrum Diffuse Search

Blue: after downgoing muon rejectionRed: after cut on Nhit to get ultimate sensitivity

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IceCube sensitivity vs timeDiffuse Fluxes Point Sources

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Search for diffuse excess of extra-terrestrial high energy muon neutrinos

bound

WB bound

log E /GeV

DUMAND

FREJUSMACRO

Muons in Amanda-B10 (1997)

Expectation Amanda-II, 3 years

Expectation IceCube, 3 years

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Limit on all neutrino flavors

Cascadescompetitivewith muons w.r.t. limit on diffuse fluxes !!

Role will increasefor IceCube.

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Supernova MonitorAmanda-II

Amanda-B10

IceCube0 5 10 sec

Count rates

B10: 60% of Galaxy

A-II:95% of Galaxy

LMC

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IceTop Station Schematic

Two Ice Tanks

3.6 m2 x 1 m

Two DOMs: 10” PMT

To DAQ

IceCubeDrill Hole

15 m

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Functions of IceTop• IceCube calibration with the help of

downgoing muons (absolute pointing, angular resolution, detector geometry, ice atten.)

• Anti-Shield (helps to reject downgoing muons from independent air showers)

• Chemical Composition (IceTop measures electron component, IceCube muon component)

1 km

2 km

SPASE air shower arrays

calibration of AMANDA angular resolution and pointing !

resolution Amanda-B10 ~ 3.5°

results in ~ 3° for upward moving muons

(Amanda-II: ~ 2°)

spase-amanda

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Chem. Composition

1 km

2 km

preliminary

AM

AN

DA

(nu

mbe

r o

f m

uons

)

Spase (number of electrons)

Iron

Proton

log(E/PeV)

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Cosmic raysCosmicRays

Amanda/Spase

IceCube/IceTop

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03-04 drill equipment to Pole 04-05 first strings

(proof that 16/season are feasible, prepare 6 full strings) 05-06 12 strings 06-07 16 strings 07-08 16 strings 08-09 16 strings 09-10 remaining strings

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The Baikal Collaboration

Institute of Nuclear Research, MoscowIrkutsk State University, IrkutskDESY Zeuthen, ZeuthenMoscow State University, MoscowNishni Novgorod State Technical UniversityState Marine Technical University, St.PetersburgKurchatov Institute, MoscowJINR, Dubna

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One of the first neutrinoevents recorded with the1996 four-string versionof the Baikal Telescope

first 2 neutrinocandidates upgrade

Baikal will stay largest H.E. neutrino telescope on northernhemisphere until Antares/Nestorwill have installed arrays with100-200 OMs and will nicely complement Amanda.

Baikal History

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Lake Baikal: The Detector

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cascades

140 m

36 additional PMTs 4 times better sensitivity !

Baikal Upgrade NT200+

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+-

40m

unexpected electro-corrosion after > 6 years

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+-points of problems

Two out of four cables have broken during installation works in Spring 2003.Detector runs only with 5 strings in 2003. Two new cables in March 2004.

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