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HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN KARBOHIDRAT, STATUS
GIZI DAN PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH DENGAN TINGKAT
KEBUGARAN KARDIORESPIRASI PADA REMAJA LAKI-
LAKI USIA 13-15 TAHUN DI SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA ASTAM
TANGERANG SELATAN
SKRIPSI
IMAM RAMADHANNY
1510714017
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
PROGRAM STUDI S-1 ILMU GIZI
2019
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN KARBOHIDRAT, STATUS
GIZI DAN PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH DENGAN TINGKAT
KEBUGARAN KARDIORESPIRASI PADA REMAJA LAKI-
LAKI USIA 13-15 TAHUN DI SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA ASTAM
TANGERANG SELATAN
SKRIPSI
Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana Ilmu Gizi (S.Gz)
IMAM RAMADHANNY
1510714017
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
PROGRAM STUDI S-1 ILMU GIZI
2019
ii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS
iii
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI
iv
PENGESAHAN
v
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN KARBOHIDRAT, STATUS
GIZI DAN PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH DENGAN TINGKAT
KEBUGARAN KARDIORESPIRASI PADA REMAJA LAKI-
LAKI USIA 13-15 TAHUN DI SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA
ASTAM TANGERANG SELATAN
Imam Ramadhanny
Abstrak
Prestasi sepakbola Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. per tanggal 7 Februari 2019
indonesia berada diperingkat ke-159 dari 211 negara anggota FIFA (FIFA, 2019).
Salah satu penyebab dari rendahnya prestasi sepakbola Indonesia adalah rendahnya
tingkat kebugaran kardiorespirasi pada atlet sepakbola indonesia. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan karbohidrat, status gizi
berdasarkan IMT/U dan persen lemak tubuh terhadap tingkat kebugaran
kardiorespirasi pada remaja laki-laki usia 13-15 tahun di SSB ASTAM tangerang
selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan sampel
sebanyak 45 atlet sepakbola usia 13-15 tahun. Data asupan karbohidrat diambil
dengan menggunakan metode wawancara Recall 3x24 jam, data ststus gizi diambil
dengan pengukuran antropometri, data persen lemak tubuh diambil menggunakan
BIA menggunakan Karada Scan HBF-358 BW, serta data tingkat kebugaran
kardiorespirasi diambil menggunakan metode 20m Multistage Fitness Test.
Analisis hubungan yang dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan
Spearmann. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara
persen lemak tubuh (r=-0.329;p=0.027) dengan tingkat kebugaran kardiorespirasi,
namun tidak ada hubungan antara asupan karbohidrat (r=0.086;p=0.573) dan status
gizi (r=-0.188;p=0.215) dengan tingkat kebugaran kardiorespirasi pada remaja laki-
laki usia 13-15 tahun di SSB ASTAM tangerang selatan. Peneliti menyarankan
untuk melakukan penyuluhan gizi terkait hal-hal yang dapat meningkatkan tingkat
kebugaran kardiorespirasi serta melakukan monitoring terhadap program tersebut
Kata Kunci : Tingkat Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi, Asupan Karbohidrat, Status
Gizi, Persen Lemak Tubuh, VO2max
vi
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE,
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BODY FAT PERCENTAGE ON
CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS LEVEL ON MALE
ADOLESCENT AGED 13-15 YEARS IN ASTAM SOCCER
SCHOOL SOUTH TANGERANG
Imam Ramadhanny
Abstract
Indonesian football achievements still relatively low. as of February 7, 2019
Indonesia was ranked 159th out of 211 FIFA member countries (FIFA, 2019). One
of the causes of underachievements of Indonesian football is the low level of
cardiorespiratory fitness in Indonesian soccer athletes. This study aims to determine
the relationship between carbohydrate intake, nutritional status based on BMI/age
and body fat percentage on cardiorespiratory fitness level on male adolescent aged
13-15 years in ASTAM soccer school south tangerang. This study used a cross-
sectional design with 45 sample of soccer athletes aged 13-15 years old. Analysis
was performed using Pearson and Spearmann correlation test. Carbohydrate intake
data was taken using the Interview Recall 3x24 hours method, nutritional status
data taken with anthropometric measurements, body fat percent data was taken
using BIA using HBF-358 BW Karada Scan, and cardiorespiratory fitness level
data was taken using the 20m Multistage Fitness Test method. The analysis shows
that there is a relationship between body fat percentage (r=-0.329; p=0.027) and
cardiorespiratory fitness level, but there is no relationship between carbohydrate
intake (r=0.086 ;p=0.573) and nutritional status (r=-0.188; p=0.215) with
cardiorespiratory fitness level in adolescent aged 13-15 years in ASTAM soccer
school south tangerang. Researchers suggest conducting nutrition counseling
related to matters that can increase the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and to
monitor the program
Keywords : Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level, Carbohydrate Intake, Nutritional
Status, Body Fat Percentage, VO2max
vii
KATA PENGANTAR
viii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................... i
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ......................................................................... ii PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .................................................. iii PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. v ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... vi KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1 I.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................... 1 I.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 4 I.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 4 I.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 6 II.1 Remaja ........................................................................................................... 6 II.2 Olahraga sepakbola........................................................................................ 6 II.3 Kebugaran ...................................................................................................... 7 II.4 Hal yang Berhubungan dengan Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi ....................... 11 II.5 Pengukuran Tingkat Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi ........................................ 26 II.6 Kerangka Teori ............................................................................................ 33 II.7 Kerangka Konsep ........................................................................................ 34 II.8 Matriks Penelitian Terdahulu ...................................................................... 34 II.9 Hipotesis ...................................................................................................... 34
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ....................................................................... 35 III.1 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ..................................................................... 35 III.2 Desain Penelitian ......................................................................................... 35 III.3 Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................... 35 III.4 Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................................... 37 III.5 Etik Penelitian ............................................................................................. 39 III.6 Definisi Operasional .................................................................................... 40 III.7 Analisis Data ............................................................................................... 41 III.8 Jadwal Penelitian ......................................................................................... 42
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................... 43 IV.1 Gambaran Umum Penelitian ....................................................................... 43 IV.2 Analisis Univariat ........................................................................................ 44 IV.3 Analisis Bivariat .......................................................................................... 47 IV.4 Keterbatasan Penelitian ............................................................................... 53
ix
BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................... 54 V.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 54 V.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 54
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 56 RIWAYAT HIDUP
LAMPIRAN
x
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1 Anjuran Konsumsi Karbohidrat Sebelum Latihan ........................ 16
Tabel 2 Anjuran Konsumsi Karbohidrat Selama Latihan .......................... 17
Tabel 3 Kategori Faktor Aktivitas ............................................................. 18
Tabel 4 Klasifikasi Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Zat Gizi .................... 19
Tabel 5 Standar Pertumbuhan Anak untuk IMT/U .................................... 24
Tabel 6 Klasifikasi Persen Lemak Tubuh untuk Remaja ........................... 25
Tabel 7 Norma VO2max untuk Tes 20MSFT ........................................... 28
Tabel 8 Kriteria Nilai VO2max Berdasarkan Tes 20MSFT ...................... 29
Tabel 9 Kriteria Nilai VO2max Berdasarkan Balke Test .......................... 30
Tabel 10 Kriteria Nilai VO2max Berdasarkan Cooper Test ........................ 31
Tabel 11 Kriteria Nilai VO2max Berdasarkan Harvard Step Test .............. 32
Tabel 12 Definisi Operasional ..................................................................... 40
Tabel 13 Jadwal Penelitian .......................................................................... 42
Tabel 14 Data Siswa SSB ASTAM ............................................................. 44
Tabel 15 Gambaran Karakteristik Responden ............................................. 45
Tabel 16 Hasil Analisis Bivariat .................................................................. 47
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 Proses Sintesa Gligoken ............................................................. 15
Gambar 2 Proses Glikogenolisis ................................................................. 16
Gambar 3 Kerangka Teori........................................................................... 33
Gambar 4 Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................... 34
Gambar 5 Peta Lokasi Penelitian ................................................................ 43
xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Surat Keterangan Ethical Approval/ Persetujuan etik
Lampiran 2 Berita Acara Ujian Komprehensif (Skripsi)
Lampiran 3 Surat Izin Penelitian dan Pengambilan Data
Lampiran 4 Matriks Pendahuluan Terdahulu
Lampiran 5 Lembar Penjelasan
Lampiran 6 Informed Consent
Lampiran 7 Formulir Kuesioner Recall 24 Jam
Lampiran 8 Hasil Uji Univariat
Lampiran 9 Hasil Uji Bivariat
Lampiran 10 Dokumentasi
Lampiran 11 Surat Pernyataan Bebas Plagiarism
Lampiran 12 Hasil Turnitin
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