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Technologies for energy efficient design and thermal comfort in buildings
Stuttgart - Munich - New York
TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING
HIGH DENSITYChallenges and Opportunities
Symposium on Sustainable Urban Design –Case Studies and Design Workflows
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 6 2013Matthias Rudolph
BY 2050
CO2 TO ZERO
WE NEED TO REDUCE OUR EMISSIONS
WELCOME TO BREATHTAKING
TOKYO WATERPARK
WHERE YOU CAN WASH AWAY
THE STRESS OF AN
OVERCROWDED CITY
EFFICIENCY DRIVEN BY GADGETS
EFFICIENCY DRIVEN BY DESIGN
optimize …
1936 1963 2013+
source: Knippers Helbig
0,7 aerodynamic shapedrag coefficient
0,36
0,16
source: Knippers Helbig
1936 1963 2013
drag coefficient
source: Knippers Helbig
source: Knippers Helbig
CITIES…
MORE PEOPLE LIVE IN CITIESWORLD POPULATION INCREASES CONSTANTLYNEW CITIES / CITY EXTENSIONS ARE GROWING
URBAN PLANNING FACES NEW CHALLENGESCRITERIA CURRENTLY UNDERGO CHANGESRE-ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING CRITERIA AND ADDITONAL GOALS
1. CARBON EMISSIONS
2. QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE
QUALITY OF OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT
QUALITY OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
Houston
Los Angeles
Washington
New York
Melbourne
Sydney Toronto
Paris
London Vienna
SingaporeTokyo
MoscowHong Kong
Europe
Australia and Canada
United States of America
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Petroleum
use p/a (avera
ge per capita )in MJ/a/capita
Density (persons per hectare)
DENSITY AND TRANSPORT ENERGY
TRANSPORT AND URBAN QUALITY
DENSITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Passiv House
Low Energy Buildings
Low Energy Buildings
60 % Heat Loss15 ct/kWh (Grid + Loss)
12 % Heat Loss3.5 ct/kWh (Grid + Loss)
8 % Heat Loss2.7 ct/kWh (Grid + Loss)
DENSITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
CHALLENGES
source: Jahn Gehl Architectsa
URBAN QUALITY AND STREET LIFE
OUTDOOR COMFORT
OUTDOOR COMFORT
Photo: Panhandle Helicopter/ JR Hott
WIND
Außen
DAYLIGHT AND SOLAR ACCESS
PROCESS
IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGN STRATEGIES
SOLAR ACCESS, DAYLIGHTENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE
DEPENDENCY OF SCALE
IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGN STRATEGIES
DAYLIGHTSOLAR ACCESS
PEDESTRIAN COMFORT CARBON EMISSIONS
PERFORMANCE BASED PROCESS
INTEGRATED DESIGN TEAM
CASE STUDIESMASDAR, ABU DHABI
MASDARAbu Dhabi, VAE
FOSTER & PARTNERS
OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
OBJECTIVES
Sustainability objectives- Create outstanding living and working conditions- Provide excellent air quality and thermal comfort- Create a zero carbon development- Develop technical concepts and rethink the way of living- Replace fossil power by solar power
City of short distances- City where living and working is close- people walk instead of using he air conditioned car
67 °C 71 °C
38 °C
DESERT CENTRAL ABU DHABI MASDAR - ARCADES MASDAR – GREEN GARDENS
40 °C
TEMPERATURE
Wie muss das Straßennetz angepasst werden um Tages licht und thermischen Komfort zu optimieren?
- 22.5°0°
STREET
ORIENTATION
STREET
DIMENSION
2 1
1
1 1
1
0.5 0.25
street 1
street 2
street 3
STREET WIDTH AND ORIENTATION
45° PROVIDES BEST MICROCLIMATE
Short Street below 75 – 100 m
The hot wind remains above the street!
OUTDOOR COMFORT – WIND
BLOCK HOT WINDS
Wind velocity profile[m/s] at 2m height above the ground
Wind towers – open, cooling the streets
Night-time Cool Winds
USE COOL WINDS
Credits: Foster + Partners
ABU DHABI DOWNTON TAGESLICHT
Credits: Foster + Partners
ABU DHABI DOWNTON INFRAROT
Credits: Foster + Partners
MASDAR INSTITUTE TAGESLICHT
Credits: Foster + Partners
MASDAR INSTITUTE INFRAROT
Energy consumption for project site and 3.8 Mio m² buildingsfor UAE today standard towards Masdar guidelines
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
UAE today 550 ha final concept 230 ha
Ann
ual e
lect
ricity
con
sum
ptio
n [M
Wh/
year
] solar potential
water distribution
waste treatment
street lighting
on site traffic
desalination
distribution
Building operation
-79%m
issi
ng s
olar
are
as
STRATEGY
CARBON NEUTRAL CITY
ZONES ENERGY SIMULATION
Masdar energy reduction 4th iteration compared to A bu Dhabi today
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Retai
l/Lab
./Pro
d.Offic
e/Rese
arch
Office
Housin
g/Hot
el
Educa
tion
tota
l
Red
uctio
n [%
]
Energy savings
ZONES ENERGY SIMULATION
ENERGY MONITORING
CASE STUDIESHELSINKI, FINLAND
HELSINKI, FINLAND
BIG ARCHITECTS
JÄTKÄSAARI PENINSULALOW TO NO DEVELOPMENT
HELSINKI, FINLAND
BIG ARCHITECTS
JÄTKÄSAARI PENINSULALOW TO NO DEVELOPMENT
HELSINKI, FINLANDCLIMATE
DAYLIGHTSOLAR EXPOSURE
DAYLIGHTSOLAR EXPOSURE
DAYLIGHTSOLAR EXPOSURE
TAGESLICHTBESONNUNG
SOLAR EXPOSURE
HOURS
3D BUILDING ENVELOPE
TYPOLOGIE
SITRA
HEADQUARTERS
ATRIUM | INNENHOF
Credits: BIG Architects
HELSINKI, FINLANDJÄTKÄSAARI PENINSULA – LOW TO NO DEVELOPMENT
Credits: BIG Architects
STRATEGY
CARBON NEUTRAL CITY
TACTICS
MULTIPLE ENERGY SOURCES
STRATEGY
LOW CARBON INFRASTRUCTURE
SITE
ENERGY ASSETS
OUTLOOK
‘IN SUMMER 2003 40.000 EUROPEANSDIED AS A CAUSE OF A HEATWAVE’
GRAND ADJUSTMENTS
DESIGNING DENSIFICATION
IN SUMMER 2003, 40’000 EUROPEANSDIED AS A CAUSE OF A HEAT WAVE
BY2050 THIS WILL BE THE TYPICAL SUMMER
DESIGNING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
HOW MANY PEOPLE SHOULD LIVEIN DOWNTOWN BOSTON IN THE FUTURE?
LIVE AND WORK
Questions?
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