Technologies for energy efficient design and thermal comfort in buildings

Stuttgart - Munich - New York

TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING

HIGH DENSITYChallenges and Opportunities

Symposium on Sustainable Urban Design –Case Studies and Design Workflows

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 6 2013Matthias Rudolph

BY 2050

CO2 TO ZERO

WE NEED TO REDUCE OUR EMISSIONS

WELCOME TO BREATHTAKING

TOKYO WATERPARK

WHERE YOU CAN WASH AWAY

THE STRESS OF AN

OVERCROWDED CITY

EFFICIENCY DRIVEN BY GADGETS

EFFICIENCY DRIVEN BY DESIGN

optimize …

1936 1963 2013+

source: Knippers Helbig

0,7 aerodynamic shapedrag coefficient

0,36

0,16

source: Knippers Helbig

1936 1963 2013

drag coefficient

source: Knippers Helbig

source: Knippers Helbig

CITIES…

MORE PEOPLE LIVE IN CITIESWORLD POPULATION INCREASES CONSTANTLYNEW CITIES / CITY EXTENSIONS ARE GROWING

URBAN PLANNING FACES NEW CHALLENGESCRITERIA CURRENTLY UNDERGO CHANGESRE-ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING CRITERIA AND ADDITONAL GOALS

1. CARBON EMISSIONS

2. QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE

QUALITY OF OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT

QUALITY OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENT

OPPORTUNITIES

Houston

Los Angeles

Washington

New York

Melbourne

Sydney Toronto

Paris

London Vienna

SingaporeTokyo

MoscowHong Kong

Europe

Australia and Canada

United States of America

80000

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Petroleum

use p/a (avera

ge per capita )in MJ/a/capita

Density (persons per hectare)

DENSITY AND TRANSPORT ENERGY

TRANSPORT AND URBAN QUALITY

DENSITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Passiv House

Low Energy Buildings

Low Energy Buildings

60 % Heat Loss15 ct/kWh (Grid + Loss)

12 % Heat Loss3.5 ct/kWh (Grid + Loss)

8 % Heat Loss2.7 ct/kWh (Grid + Loss)

DENSITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

CHALLENGES

source: Jahn Gehl Architectsa

URBAN QUALITY AND STREET LIFE

OUTDOOR COMFORT

OUTDOOR COMFORT

Photo: Panhandle Helicopter/ JR Hott

WIND

Außen

DAYLIGHT AND SOLAR ACCESS

PROCESS

IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGN STRATEGIES

SOLAR ACCESS, DAYLIGHTENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE

DEPENDENCY OF SCALE

IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGN STRATEGIES

DAYLIGHTSOLAR ACCESS

PEDESTRIAN COMFORT CARBON EMISSIONS

PERFORMANCE BASED PROCESS

INTEGRATED DESIGN TEAM

CASE STUDIESMASDAR, ABU DHABI

MASDARAbu Dhabi, VAE

FOSTER & PARTNERS

OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

OBJECTIVES

Sustainability objectives- Create outstanding living and working conditions- Provide excellent air quality and thermal comfort- Create a zero carbon development- Develop technical concepts and rethink the way of living- Replace fossil power by solar power

City of short distances- City where living and working is close- people walk instead of using he air conditioned car

67 °C 71 °C

38 °C

DESERT CENTRAL ABU DHABI MASDAR - ARCADES MASDAR – GREEN GARDENS

40 °C

TEMPERATURE

Wie muss das Straßennetz angepasst werden um Tages licht und thermischen Komfort zu optimieren?

- 22.5°0°

STREET

ORIENTATION

STREET

DIMENSION

2 1

1

1 1

1

0.5 0.25

street 1

street 2

street 3

STREET WIDTH AND ORIENTATION

45° PROVIDES BEST MICROCLIMATE

Short Street below 75 – 100 m

The hot wind remains above the street!

OUTDOOR COMFORT – WIND

BLOCK HOT WINDS

Wind velocity profile[m/s] at 2m height above the ground

Wind towers – open, cooling the streets

Night-time Cool Winds

USE COOL WINDS

Credits: Foster + Partners

ABU DHABI DOWNTON TAGESLICHT

Credits: Foster + Partners

ABU DHABI DOWNTON INFRAROT

Credits: Foster + Partners

MASDAR INSTITUTE TAGESLICHT

Credits: Foster + Partners

MASDAR INSTITUTE INFRAROT

Energy consumption for project site and 3.8 Mio m² buildingsfor UAE today standard towards Masdar guidelines

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2,000,000

UAE today 550 ha final concept 230 ha

Ann

ual e

lect

ricity

con

sum

ptio

n [M

Wh/

year

] solar potential

water distribution

waste treatment

street lighting

on site traffic

desalination

distribution

Building operation

-79%m

issi

ng s

olar

are

as

STRATEGY

CARBON NEUTRAL CITY

ZONES ENERGY SIMULATION

Masdar energy reduction 4th iteration compared to A bu Dhabi today

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Retai

l/Lab

./Pro

d.Offic

e/Rese

arch

Office

Housin

g/Hot

el

Educa

tion

tota

l

Red

uctio

n [%

]

Energy savings

ZONES ENERGY SIMULATION

ENERGY MONITORING

CASE STUDIESHELSINKI, FINLAND

HELSINKI, FINLAND

BIG ARCHITECTS

JÄTKÄSAARI PENINSULALOW TO NO DEVELOPMENT

HELSINKI, FINLAND

BIG ARCHITECTS

JÄTKÄSAARI PENINSULALOW TO NO DEVELOPMENT

HELSINKI, FINLANDCLIMATE

DAYLIGHTSOLAR EXPOSURE

DAYLIGHTSOLAR EXPOSURE

DAYLIGHTSOLAR EXPOSURE

TAGESLICHTBESONNUNG

SOLAR EXPOSURE

HOURS

3D BUILDING ENVELOPE

TYPOLOGIE

SITRA

HEADQUARTERS

ATRIUM | INNENHOF

Credits: BIG Architects

HELSINKI, FINLANDJÄTKÄSAARI PENINSULA – LOW TO NO DEVELOPMENT

Credits: BIG Architects

STRATEGY

CARBON NEUTRAL CITY

TACTICS

MULTIPLE ENERGY SOURCES

STRATEGY

LOW CARBON INFRASTRUCTURE

SITE

ENERGY ASSETS

OUTLOOK

‘IN SUMMER 2003 40.000 EUROPEANSDIED AS A CAUSE OF A HEATWAVE’

GRAND ADJUSTMENTS

DESIGNING DENSIFICATION

IN SUMMER 2003, 40’000 EUROPEANSDIED AS A CAUSE OF A HEAT WAVE

BY2050 THIS WILL BE THE TYPICAL SUMMER

DESIGNING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

HOW MANY PEOPLE SHOULD LIVEIN DOWNTOWN BOSTON IN THE FUTURE?

LIVE AND WORK

Questions?