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© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Keith Waldrop
Principal Technical Leader
Tribal Caucus Midyear Meeting
Charlotte, NC
January 25, 2017
High Burnup
Data Project
2© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background
For low burnup fuel, sufficient data exist to
support licensing
Based on demo with low burnup fuel
– No evidence of degradation after 14 years
– No visual evidence of additional assembly/cladding degradation or bowing
– Little to no detachment of crud
– Still significant creep life left in cladding
Provided basis for license renewal for low burnup fuel
3© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background
High burnup fuel technical basis from laboratory testing
– Lab tests show hydrides in clad can reorient though heatup and
cooldown during dry storage loading operations
Radial hydrides (after
heatup/cooldown)
Circumferential hydrides (before
heatup)
– Hydride reorientation causes shift in ductile to
brittle transition temperature (DBTT)
May become brittle at temperatures fuel
will reach during storage
Loss of ductility is primarily a concern for
transport conditions, not storage
4© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background
Lab data provided basis for loading HBU fuel in dry storage
– Technical basis provided in US NRC ISG-11 Rev 3 (Nov-2003)
Creep will not cause gross rupture
“…until the effects of reorientation are better understood, the
hoop stress on the cladding should be controlled to preclude the
formation of radially oriented hydrides.”
Limit hydride reorientation
– Limit cladding temperature to 400°C to limit hoop stress and
soluble hydrogen
– Limitations of ISG-11 Rev 3
Limited to initial license period (20 yrs)
Not applicable to transport
5© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background – Why We Need Data From HBU Data
Project
Limited data on HBU fuel in dry storage
– Storage licenses for HBU fuel need to be extended
– Transport licenses for HBU fuel are very limited and restricted
Data available are from lab testing
Need to collect data on HBU fuel – real fuel, in a real cask,
under real conditions
– Repeat earlier low burnup demo using high burnup fuel
6© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
High Burnup Data Project – Big Picture
Load cask with High Burnup fuel
– Select fuel to provide best scientific data
– Obtain “t=0” data from sister rods (non-destructive and
destructive examinations)
– Instrument cask to acquire data (temperature and gas
composition)
– Use standard industry loading process
– Collect data
After ~10 years in storage:
– Ship to examination facility
– Open cask and inspect fuel
– Examine rods to compare to “t=0”
Re-close and continue storage and measurements
7© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fuel Selection
1 2 (TC Lance) 3 4
6T0 3K7 3T6 6F2
Zirlo, 54.2 GWd M5, 53.4 GWd Zirlo, 54.3 GWd Zirlo, 51.9 GWd
4.25%, 3cy, 11yr 4.55%, 3cy, 8yr 4.25%, 3cy, 11yr 4.25%, 3cy, 13yr
1013/818W 1167/837W 1015/820W 909/756W DRAIN PORT
5 6 (TC Lance) 7 8 9 10
3F6 30A 22B 20B 5K6 5D5
Zirlo, 52.1 GWd M5, 52.0 GWd M5, 51.2 GWd M5, 50.5 GWd M5, 53.3 GWd Zirlo, 55.5 GWd
4.25%, 3cy, 13yr 4.55%, 3cy, 6yr 4.55%, 3cy, 5 yr 4.55%, 3cy, 5 yr 4.55%, 3cy, 8yr 4.2%, 3cy, 17yr
914/761W 1276/832W 1503/841W 1477/827W 1163/834W 906/796W
11 Vent P o rt 12 13 14 (TC Lance) 15 16
5D9 28B F40 57A 30B 3K4
Zirlo, 54.6 GWd M5, 51.0 GWd Zirc-4, 50.6 GWd M5, 52.2 GWd M5, 50.6 GWd M5, 51.8 GWd
4.2%, 3cy, 17yr 4.55%, 3cy, 5 yr 3.59%, 3cy, 30yr 4.55%, 3cy, 6yr 4.55%, 3cy, 5 yr 4.55%, 3cy, 8 yr
885/778W 1496/837W 699/?W 1281/834W 1482/830W 1120/803W
17 18 19 (TC Lance) 20 21 22
5K7 50B 3U9 0A4* 15B 6K4
M5, 53.3 GWd M5, 50.9 GWd Zirlo, 53.1 GWd Low-Sn Zy-4, 50 GWd M5, 51.0 GWd M5, 51.9 GWd
4.55%, 3cy, 8yr 4.55%, 3cy, 5 yr 4.45%, 3cy, 10yr 4.0%, 2cy, 22yr 4.55%, 3cy, 5 yr 4.55%, 3cy, 8 yr
1165/835W 1492/835W 1037/805W 725/664W 1496/837W 1121/804W
23 24 (TC Lance) 25 26 27 28 (TC Lance)
3T2 3U4 56B 54B 6V0 3U6
Zirlo, 55.1 GWd Zirlo, 52.9 GWd M5, 51.0 GWd M5, 51.3 GWd M5, 53.5 GWd Zirlo, 53.0 GWd
4.25%, 3cy, 11yr 4.45%, 3cy, 10yr 4.55%, 3cy, 5 yr 4.55%, 3cy, 5 yr 4.4%, 3cy, 8yrs 4.45%, 3cy, 10yr
1036/837W 1031/801W 1495/837W 1511/846W 1178/843W 1035/803W
29 30 31 (TC Lance) 32
4V4 5K1 5T9 4F1 High Priority Assys
M5, 51.2 GWd M5, 53.0 GWd Zirlo, 54.9 GWd Zirlo, 52.3 GWd
4.40%, 3cy, 8yr 4.55%, 3cy, 8yr 4.25%, 3cy, 11yr 4.25%, 3cy, 13yr
1073/787W 1155/828W 1031/832W 918/764W
Burnup
Clad Type Qty Range
Zr-4 1 50.6
low tin Zr-4 1 50
Zirlo 12
51.9 -
55.5
M5 18
50.5 -
53.5
KEY
Location (Thermocouple)
Assy ID (high priority)
Clad , BU
Enr, #cycles, Yrs cooled
Decay Heat (loading), (transport)
8© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fuel Selection
Peak cladding temperatures too low for hydride reorientation
– Current best estimate using detailed decay heat calculation predicts
peak cladding temperature of 271°C
– Good news story:
This is typical of HBU casks, not bounding
Hydride reorientation not a concern for most casks considering
actual temperatures
– PNNL plans to do additional analysis for other systems loaded with
high heat load
– Sister rod testing to address gap for higher clad temperatures than in
this cask
9© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Thermocouples
Technical goals:
– Determine true temperature distribution
– Provide benchmark data for thermal models
Design considerations:
– Thermocouple penetrations and confinement
– Thermocouple lance emplacement (radial and axial)
– Temperature measurement reliability/longevity
– Thermocouple calibration
Fabrication complete
Thermocouple testing
10© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gas Sampling
Collect gas sample from cask cavity
– Attach sample bottle to vent port
– Fission gas, oxygen, hydrogen analyzed in site lab
– Moisture measured with Moisture Vapor Isotope
Analyzer
Take gas samples while cask is still in decon
building
– No unmonitored release
– Dominion can pass leak test after gas sampling
Dominion proposed approach for sampling
during storage period using temporary enclosure
– Licensing risk with this approach
– Not included in initial license amendment
11© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sister Rods
Extracted 9 AREVA M5 rods from 2 assemblies
Extracted 14 Westinghouse rods from 4 assemblies
– 12 Zirlo™, 2 low-tin Zr-4
2 additional Zr-4 rods
Rods shipped to ORNL
DOE developed draft sister rod test plan
Non-destructive testing underway
12© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cask Modification
Lid machining
Initial cask fit-up test
Thermocouples
Data acquisition system
Lid machining Data acquisition systemThermocouple testingFit-up test
13© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
High Burnup Data Project Schedule
2017:
Complete lid and cask modification and testing
Ship cask, lid and instrumentation to North Anna
Obtain storage license from NRC (pending NRC
review)
Perform dry runs
Load Demonstration Cask and begin
temperature and gas data collection
Submit amendment for taking gas samples at the
ISFSI
Complete non-destructive examinations of sister
rods
Complete test plan for destructive sister rod testing
Begin destructive examinations of sister rods
14© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
High Burnup Data Project Schedule (con’t)
2018 - ~2027:
Obtain storage license amendment from NRC for gas
sampling at pad
Continue taking periodic temperature measurements
Continue taking periodic gas samples at pad
Submit and obtain transportation Certificate of
Compliance (CoC) from NRC
(tentative, pending NRC review)
15© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
High Burnup Data Project Schedule (con’t)
~2027
Return Demonstration Cask to the North Anna Power Station
Prepare cask for transport to an off-site Fuel Examination Facility
Ship cask to a Fuel Examination Facility (to be provided by DOE)
Open cask and visually examine the fuel
– Extract high burnup rods for subsequent examination
– Conduct non-destructive and destructive examinations of the rods at
the national lab(s)
Same exams as “t=0” exams
Compare end-of-storage and “t=0” fuel properties
Re-close cask and continue storage; re-open again later
16© 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
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