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Mental Health of Law
Enforcement Officers: Current
Strategies and Issues in
Prevention and Intervention
Presentation by: Sarah Henderson, B.A., Bryan Steinkopf, M.S., Casey Straud, M.S., Nichole Vincent, M.S., Alexandra Crouch, M.S., Karen Guszkowski, B.A., & Vincent Van Hasselt, Ph.D.Contributing Authors: Vera A. Klinoff M.S., and Kori A. Hakala Psy. D.
Current Statistics on Police Officer SuicidePresented by: Karen Guszkowski, B.A.
Goals
Substance Abuse
Larson, Eyerman, Foster, & Gfroerer, 2007; FBI LE Bulletin, 2004, 73(10)
Substance Abuse
FBI LE Bulletin, 2004, 73(10)
Marital Discord
The Police Chief Magazine, (2015); McCoy & Aamodt, 2010
Marital Discord
Purple Berets: Domestic Violence in Police Families (2003)
Health
Concerns
Kirschman, Kamena, & Fay, 2014 Counseling Cops.; Gu et al. 2011
Anxiety
Police Suicide Study (2012)
Things to look out for: Fatigue
Difficulty thinking/following conversations
Suddenly snapping/ “on-edge”
Derealization/Depersonalization
Intrusive thoughts
Anxiety
DSM 5 (2014)
Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
Badge of Life: FAQ (2013); Kirschman, Kemana, & Fay, 2014
Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
U.S. Dept. of Veteran Affairs: National Center for PTSD (2014); (www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/dsm5_criteria_ptsd.asp)
Depression
Kirschman, Kamena, & Fay, 2014; Police Suicide Study, (2012)
Access to
Weapons
Suicide: Let’s
talk figures
Badge of Life (2013); American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (2015)
Suicide: Let’s
talk figures
Kirschman, Kamena, & Fay, 2014; Counseling Cops
Suicide: Let’s
talk figures
Police Chief Magazine (2015); Aamodt and Stalnaker, 2006
Suicide:
Protective
Factors
Police Chief Magazine (2015); Aamodt and Stalnaker, 2006
Why do officers
take their own
lives?
Kirschman, Kamena, and Fay, 2014
”
Why do officers
take their own
lives?
Kirschman, Kamena, and Fay, 2014
i0ii
Police Culture Risk and ResiliencyPresented by: Sarah Henderson, B.A.
Goals
blue Bloods
Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.).
Thin blue line
Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.).
police Family
Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.).
macho Culture
Bergen, Bourne-Lindamood, and Brecknock, 2000; Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.)
Family Stress
White and Honig, 1994; Blumestein, Fidell, & Jones, 2011
LEO Families
White and Honig, 1994; Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.)
Relationships
Oehme et al., 2011; Kirschman, E. (2007). I love a cop: What police families need to know (Rev. ed.)
LEO Families
Arredondo, Shumway, Kimball, Dersch., & Bryan, 2002
coping
Strategies
Horan , Bochantin, & Booth-Butterfield, 2012
alcohol Use and
Abuse
Violanti, Marshall, & Howe, 1985; Kirschman, E. (2007) I love a caop: What police families need to know (Red. ed).
alcohol use
Stinson, Liederbach, & Freiburger, 2012
part of the job
Kates, A. (2008). Copshock: Surviving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
officer Safety
mental Health
Repercussions
Kates, A. (2008). Copshock: Surviving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Change
Resources
Unique Stressors for Law Enforcement Officers
Presented by: Alexander Crouch, M.S.
Goal of this presentation
Point out stresors
Provide Interventions
Increase AWARENESS!!!
TITLEWhat Stress?
TITLE
Police Stress
Morash et al., 2006
TITLE
Police Stress
Morash et al., 2006
Work
Environment
He, Zhao, & Archbold, 2002
Work
Environment
He, Zhao, & Archbold, 2002
Support
Territo, and Vetter, 1981
(Morash, Haarr, & Kwak, 2006)
Organizational
Morash, Haarr, & Kwak, 2006
Organizational
Morash, Haarr, & Kwak, 2006
Work/Family
Relationships
Morash, Haarr, & Kwak, 2006
Life Outside
Territo, and Vetter, 1981
Job Satisfaction
Territo, and Vetter, 1981
The Public
Tremoglie, 2012
Work
Obligations
Dealing with
Stress
Territo, and Vetter, 1981
Pre-
employment
Patterson, Chung, and Swan, 2014
Reducing
Stress
Reducing
Stress
Patterson, Chung, and Swan, 2014
Family
He, Zhao, & Archbold, 2002
Mental and Physical Toll from Stressors
Presented by: Nichole Vincent, M.S.
MENTAL & PHYSICAL
TOLL FROM
STRESSORS
GOALS:
Danger!
MENTAL &
PHYYSICAL HEALTH
DANGERS:
suicide
Depression
Nielsen, 2002
Depression
Nielsen, 2002
Depression
Nielsen, 2002
Physical
effects:
obesity
Wall Street Journal (2014)
CARDIOVASCULAR
RISK
Violanti et al. 2012; Zimmerman, 2012
sleep
disturbance
Violanti et al., 2012
cancer
Wirth et al., 2013; Violanti et al., 2012
cancer
Boni, 2005; Wirth et al., 2013; Violanti et al., 2012
“fit for duty?”
“fit for duty?”
GAP IN THE
RESEARCH?
Schwarzer, Bowler, & Cone , 2014
What can be
Helpful
Coping:
cognitive &
SOCIAL
resources
Graf, 1986; Stephens & Long, 1997; Horan, Bochantin, & Booth-Butterfield, 2012
Coping:
physical &
SPIRITUAL
resources
Anshel and Kang, 2008; Charles, Trabis, & Smith, 2015
Impact of Critical IncidentsPresented by: Casey Straud, M.S.
Goals
duties and
Expectations
Violanti (1996)
Impact
critical
Incident?
Moad, 2011
Different?
prevalence
Kulbarsh, 2007
Prevalence
Martin et al., 2009
common Critical
Incidents
common Critical
Incidents
who is at Risk?
research
Findings
pretraumatic
Life
Martin et al., 2009; Perrin et al., 2007
Response
Haisch and Meyers, 2004
Literature
protective
Factors
protective
Factors
Yuan et al., 2011
protective
Factors
Interventions
Digliani, 2012
Behavioral Health TrainingPresented by: Bryan Steinkopf, M.S.Contributing Authors: Vera Klinoff, M.S., Kori Hakala, Psy.D., Sarah
Henderson, B.A., & Vincent Van Hasselt, Ph.D.
Goals
Options for
prevention and
intervention
Why A
Preventative
Approach
Why Behavioral
Health
Training
Sheehan and Van Hasselt, 2003
Peers and
Culture
Miller, 2007
Peer
Responsibility
Goal
Topics
For Each topic
Customized for
Police
Presenters
Humor
Media
True False
History of our
approach
Feedback From
cops
Possible
consequences
Culture shift
QUESTIONS?
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