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Hand Tools
Engr. Inam Ul Haq Raja
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Objective
To study various types of tools and identify
differences between them
Non Cutting Tools
– Hammers
– Screw drivers
– Wrenches
Cutting Tools
– Saws
– Files
Non Cutting Tools
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Bench Vise
To hold work piece securely for sawing, filing
polishing, drilling, reaming and tapping etc.
May be solid or swivel base
Jaw caps of soft material may be used to grip
finished work piece
Swivel base Fixed base Wood
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Hammers
Used for applying force by striking operation
Ball peen hammer
– Various sizes and weights
– Smaller sizes for layout
– Larger for general work
Nail Sledge Machinist
Ball Peen
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Hammers
Soft head hammers
• Copper, plastic, lead etc
• Fastened to steel body & can be replaced
• For dismantling and assembly
• Grip at the end of handle for better balance and greater striking force
Precautions
• Handle is not cracked
• Head is tight on handle
• Hands and handle are not greasy
Soft Hammer
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Screwdrivers
Standard & offset
Philips
#1, #2, #3, #4
Care to use proper size
Do not use as chisel and wedge
Worn tip should be dressed
Standard
Philips
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Wrenches
Single ended open-end wrench
Double ended open-end wrench
Box or 12 point wrench
Double Open End Single Open End Ring / Box Double Ring
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Wrenches
Socket wrench – similar to box
Inch and metric
Ratchet, torque wrench handles
Socket 6 pt Socket 12 pt Ratchet Extension Bar
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Wrenches
Adjustable spanner
Allen set screw
Hook pin spanner – used on circumference of
a round nut
Allen Set
Adjustable Wrench
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Wrench Usage
Use proper size
Pull rather than push
Ensure nut is fully seated in the wrench jaw
Use wrench in same plane as nut or bolt
Give a jerk rather than steadily pulling
Put a drop of oil when assembly for easy removal latter
Combination Spanner
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Pliers
For gripping and holding
Combination or slip joint – adjustable
Side cutting pliers
Side Cutting Slip Joint Groove Joint
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Pliers
Needle nose pliers
Diagonal cutter
Vise grip pliers
Diagonal Cutter Needle Nose Vise Grip
Cutting Tools
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Hacksaw
Frame Handle
Blade Wing Nut
Prongs
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Hacksaw
Frame – solid or adjustable
Handle
Blade
– Made up of high speed molybdenum or tungsten alloy
– Solid blades used for brass, tool steel, cast iron and most
mild steel
– Flexible blades used for channel iron, tubing, copper and
aluminum
– Various pitch of blades (teeth per inch 14, 18, 24, 32)
– 18 recommended for general purpose
– Coarse blade for plenty tooth clearance – cut quickly
– Blade should have at least two teeth in contact with W/P
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Using Hacksaw
Check proper pitch
Adjust blade tension
Mount on vise so that cut is
¼” from vise
Hold hacksaw correctly
Start the saw cut just
outside and parallel to
scribed line
V-shaped file may be used
as cut to start sawing
50 strokes per minute
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Files
Made up of high carbon steel
Remove surplus material
Teeth – parallel chisel cuts
Single cut – single row of parallel
teeth for smooth finish
Double cut – two intersecting
rows of teeth for coarser cut
Classification
– Rough, coarse, bastard, second cut,
smooth and dead smooth
Single Cut
Double Cut
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Parts of File
Tang
Heel
Edge
Face
Point
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Files
Shapes (types)
– Mill, hand, flat, pillar, square, round, three square,
half round, crocket, crossing, warding, barrette, knife
Care
– Do not store so that they rub against each other
– Never use as hammer
– Clean with steel brush
– Only forward stroke
– Do not apply too much pressure
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Filing
Never use file without handle
Fasten the W/P
Never rub hands over W/P
Make horizontal plane with your arm
Keep files clean
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Rotary Files
Portable electric
Teeth are cut from broken lines
Used for tough die steel, forgings
Rotary Files
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Burrs
Teeth are unbroken flutes
High speed steel or carbide
Used on non ferrous metals
Burrs
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Needle Files
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Scrappers
Used for removing small
amount of metal from
specific area to produce
an accurate surface
Thanks!
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