Hand Tools

Engr. Inam Ul Haq Raja

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Objective

To study various types of tools and identify

differences between them

Non Cutting Tools

– Hammers

– Screw drivers

– Wrenches

Cutting Tools

– Saws

– Files

Non Cutting Tools

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Bench Vise

To hold work piece securely for sawing, filing

polishing, drilling, reaming and tapping etc.

May be solid or swivel base

Jaw caps of soft material may be used to grip

finished work piece

Swivel base Fixed base Wood

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Hammers

Used for applying force by striking operation

Ball peen hammer

– Various sizes and weights

– Smaller sizes for layout

– Larger for general work

Nail Sledge Machinist

Ball Peen

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Hammers

Soft head hammers

• Copper, plastic, lead etc

• Fastened to steel body & can be replaced

• For dismantling and assembly

• Grip at the end of handle for better balance and greater striking force

Precautions

• Handle is not cracked

• Head is tight on handle

• Hands and handle are not greasy

Soft Hammer

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Screwdrivers

Standard & offset

Philips

#1, #2, #3, #4

Care to use proper size

Do not use as chisel and wedge

Worn tip should be dressed

Standard

Philips

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Wrenches

Single ended open-end wrench

Double ended open-end wrench

Box or 12 point wrench

Double Open End Single Open End Ring / Box Double Ring

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Wrenches

Socket wrench – similar to box

Inch and metric

Ratchet, torque wrench handles

Socket 6 pt Socket 12 pt Ratchet Extension Bar

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Wrenches

Adjustable spanner

Allen set screw

Hook pin spanner – used on circumference of

a round nut

Allen Set

Adjustable Wrench

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Wrench Usage

Use proper size

Pull rather than push

Ensure nut is fully seated in the wrench jaw

Use wrench in same plane as nut or bolt

Give a jerk rather than steadily pulling

Put a drop of oil when assembly for easy removal latter

Combination Spanner

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Pliers

For gripping and holding

Combination or slip joint – adjustable

Side cutting pliers

Side Cutting Slip Joint Groove Joint

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Pliers

Needle nose pliers

Diagonal cutter

Vise grip pliers

Diagonal Cutter Needle Nose Vise Grip

Cutting Tools

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Hacksaw

Frame Handle

Blade Wing Nut

Prongs

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Hacksaw

Frame – solid or adjustable

Handle

Blade

– Made up of high speed molybdenum or tungsten alloy

– Solid blades used for brass, tool steel, cast iron and most

mild steel

– Flexible blades used for channel iron, tubing, copper and

aluminum

– Various pitch of blades (teeth per inch 14, 18, 24, 32)

– 18 recommended for general purpose

– Coarse blade for plenty tooth clearance – cut quickly

– Blade should have at least two teeth in contact with W/P

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Using Hacksaw

Check proper pitch

Adjust blade tension

Mount on vise so that cut is

¼” from vise

Hold hacksaw correctly

Start the saw cut just

outside and parallel to

scribed line

V-shaped file may be used

as cut to start sawing

50 strokes per minute

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Files

Made up of high carbon steel

Remove surplus material

Teeth – parallel chisel cuts

Single cut – single row of parallel

teeth for smooth finish

Double cut – two intersecting

rows of teeth for coarser cut

Classification

– Rough, coarse, bastard, second cut,

smooth and dead smooth

Single Cut

Double Cut

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Parts of File

Tang

Heel

Edge

Face

Point

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Files

Shapes (types)

– Mill, hand, flat, pillar, square, round, three square,

half round, crocket, crossing, warding, barrette, knife

Care

– Do not store so that they rub against each other

– Never use as hammer

– Clean with steel brush

– Only forward stroke

– Do not apply too much pressure

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Filing

Never use file without handle

Fasten the W/P

Never rub hands over W/P

Make horizontal plane with your arm

Keep files clean

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Rotary Files

Portable electric

Teeth are cut from broken lines

Used for tough die steel, forgings

Rotary Files

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Burrs

Teeth are unbroken flutes

High speed steel or carbide

Used on non ferrous metals

Burrs

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Needle Files

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Scrappers

Used for removing small

amount of metal from

specific area to produce

an accurate surface

Thanks!