Glorious Revolution of 1688. Magna Carta: Key Ideas The Great Charter Expressed that the monarchs...

Glorious Revolutionof 1688

Magna Carta: Key Ideas The Great Charter Expressed that the monarchs power was

limited not absolute. “Right to Petition” “Trial by Jury”

Renaissance: Rebirth Questioned beliefs of church Emphasized the potential of the individual Age of intellectuals and artists

Reformation Martin Luther 1520 Direct relationship with God Read Bible for yourself

Background to Glorious Revolution Henry VIII wanted to divorce Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy with

Henry as Head of the Church Elizabeth I ruled a moderate Protestant State.

Background Cont.

The English Civil War pitted supporters of Charles I against the forces of Parliament, under Oliver Cromwell.

Cavaliers v. Roundheads Or the Long hair v. the short hair

Cromwell’s army defeated the forces of the king.

Parliament put Charles on trial and condemned him to death as “a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy.”

Background Cont.

After the execution of Charles I, the House of Commons abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the official Church of England.

It declared England a republic, known as the Commonwealth, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.

Sent a clear signal that, in England, no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law.

Glorious Revolution

Parliamentary leaders invited William and Mary to become rulers of England instead of King James II.

When W and M landed in England, James II fled to France.

This bloodless overthrow of a king became known as the Glorious Revolution.

Glorious Rev. cont.Before they could be crowned, William and Mary had to accept the English Bill of Rights, which: ensured superiority of Parliament over the monarchy.prohibited a monarch from interfering with Parliament.restated the rights of English citizens.

Revolution: The MAIN Idea.

The Glorious Revolution did not create democracy, but a type of government called limited monarchy, in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s powers.

THE THE AMERICAN AMERICAN

REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

How the Colonies Learned Self-Government

• 150 yrs. Of self government

• Set up 13 legislatures– Developed taxes– Wrote laws

1754—1763 The French and Indian War (also known as the 7 Years’ War)

• British & French rivalry• The fight for land and

endless resources• War was costly for

Britain—thus the ? “How to pay for it?”

The Proclamation of 1763

• Prohibited colonists from moving West of the Appalachian Mtns

• Britain could control settlers and avoid conflict with Natives

• British sent 10,000 troops to keep an eye on “things”

1764—The Sugar Act

• Desperate for money—Britain decided to tax the colonists on molasses

• Low tax to stop smugglers• However, some colonists

believed their rights were being violated. No representation in Parliament

The Stamp Act of 1765

• Items (wills, newspapers, playing cards, etc.) needed to bear a stamp to show the tax was paid

• Refused to use the stamps and boycotted

• “If you let them do this, what will they do next?” Son’s of Liberty

1767—Townshend Acts

Applied only to imported goods.

However, basic items such as tea, glass, paper, and lead were taxed—and colonists had to pay the tax because they did not produce them

Boston Massacre—1770

• March 5, 1770• 9 “Lobsterbacks”

against Mob of 200 Patriots

• 7 shots• 5 colonists dead, 6

wounded• 2 soldiers convicted of

manslaughter and sent back to England

Customs House—October Break—2010

The Star marks the spot

October Break 2010!

1773—Tea Act

• Allowed British tea to be very cheap

• Made colonial merchant tea very expensive

• Was still a tax that the colonists did not vote for

1773—The Boston Tea Party

• December 16, 1773• Response to British

taxes on tea• 65 Son’s of Liberty

—”disguised” as Native Americans

• 352 chests of tea into Boston Harbor

1774—Intolerable Acts

• 1) Closed down Boston Harbor

• 2) King appointed officials• 3) No town meetings

unless approved by governor

• 4) Quartering Act—allowing British soldiers a place to live

First Continental Congress:1774

• 56 men in Philadelphia at Carpenter’s Hall

• Represent American interests

• Called for the repeal of all 13 acts of Parliament passed since 1763

Lexington and Concord: 1775

• “The Shot Heard Around the World”

• About 70 minutemen• 8 minutemen dead• Concord: the

minutemen’s arsenal gone

• At North Bridge—minutemen laid in wait=73 Redcoats killed

June 17, 1775 Battle of

Bunker Hill* Fought on nearby

Breed’s Hill•“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”•3 Waves•Victory in Defeat!

From Oct 2010

Second Continental Congress—1775

Philadelphia at State House

John and Sam Adams

Patrick Henry

Ben Franklin

Thomas Jefferson

George Washington (elected as army’s commander in chief)

Created Continental Army

July 1775—The Olive Branch Petition

Sent to King George III

Desire for Peace and to protectthe colonists’ rights

KGIII REFUSED! “If they want aWar, I will give them a War.”

KGIII sent 30,000 Hessians

Thomas Paine and Common Sense

Condemned KGIII

Called for complete separation

Convinced thousands that it was“time to part.”

The Declaration of

Independence

The Point of No Return!

Authored by Thomas Jefferson

Helped by Franklin and Adams

Based on LockeApproved July 4, 1776

Compare and Contrast the Glorious Revolution with the American Revolution

Declaring Independence Activity

• The Declaration of Independence has been divided into four sections: (1) Preamble, (2) Declaration of Rights, (3) List of Grievances, (4) Statement of Independence

• With a group answer the questions for your section and then share.

*Sons of Liberty (American Rev)

&*Daughters of Liberty

(American Rev)

*Meet secretly in taverns and pubs

*Keep officials from collecting the Kings

taxes

*Intimidation, terror & violence

*Use of the printing press

Tar and Feather

• Effigy: Doll of a tax collector to be hanged and/or burned in hatred to incite fear

Committees of Correspondence

1772—revived by Sam Adams

Used to organize protests,and to circulate writingsabout complaints against Britain

Boycott and Protest

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration

Drew from Magna Carta and EnglishBill of Rights and John Locke

Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness

Originally had no slavery, but withdrewit so that the Declaration would pass

George Washington

General of the Continental

Army

Samuel Adams

• The Man of the People

The Grave of Sam Adams—RIP

John Hancock

Richest man in New England

President and signer of theDeclaration

Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, & William Dawes: The Midnight Riders

One by land, Two by sea

Ben Franklin

Created the Join or Die drawing

Oldest delegate

King George III

• Saw the Colonists as young and naive. Children who could be crushed by his great army and navy.

Lord Cornwallis

John Adams

• 29 years old, from Massachusetts

• Brilliant and ambitious lawyer

• Uses logic as opposed to violence

• Abigail—his wife—equally brilliant

Abigail Adams

Patrick Henry

• No taxation without representation

• “Give me Liberty or Give me Death”