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French Revolution
Louis XIV
The Sun King
“L’Etat c’est moi”
Louis fought many war that put France into debt
Louis XV
Unwilling or unable to fix problems
Madam Pompadour
“After us the deluge”
Louis XVI
Honest but stubborn and
stupid
Marie Antoinette
“Let them eat cake”
3 Estates
1st Estate – Clergy ½% own 10%
2nd Estate – Nobles <2% own 30%
3rd Estate – 98% own 30%
Problem:
Not enough revenue
Why?
Only tax 3rd Estate
To tax all 3 must call:
Estates General
3rd Estate breaks away meets on tennis court - National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath
People worried Louis will attack Assembly
Goes to Bastille to get arms
Declaration of the Rights of Man
*natural rights: liberty, property,security
*freedom of thought & religion*due process of law*equality under the law
Some nobles begin to flee
Émigrés
Revolution splitting into two groups:
Moderates
Radicals or Jacobins
Jacobins gain control of Assembly
Form new legislative bodyThe National Convention
They arrest the King and Queen
Louis XVI guillotined January 21, 1793
Convention sets up
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
Maximilien Robspierre
Reign of TerrorSept 1793 –
July 1794
300,000 arrested
17,000 executed
Robespierre begins arresting other members of the Revolution
July 27, 1794
Members of the Convention arrest Robespierre and execute him
Moderates get control
Constitution of 1795
*Directory – 5 man committee
People upset that Directory can’t solve problems of France
People rise up in the streets
Directory sends young general to stop them
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon overthrows Directory
Makes himself:1st Consul1st Consul for life
Emperor
Napoleon wins support of people
*controls prices*agreement with Church*gets some émigrés to return*jobs on ability
CODE NAPOLEON
*equality before the law
*religious toleration
*abolishes feudalism (payments by peasants to nobles)
WAR
In Spain, people fighting occupation
“Little war” = guerrilla
England helps Spain
Duke of Wellington
Napoleon invades Russia
Defeated at Leipzig
Abdicates
Goes into exile on Elba
Louis XVIII
Brother of Louis XVI
Napoleon escapes
Defeated at Waterloo by Wellington
Exiled on St. Helena
Congress of Vienna
Restores ‘legitimacy’
Restores monarchs in France, Spain, Portugal and Italian States
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