View
225
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Fokkerij in genomics tijdperk
Johan van ArendonkAnimal Breeding and Genomics CentreWageningen University
Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre (WU)
Our Mandate: training and research on the role and sustainable utilisation of genetic variation in farm and companion animals.
Expertise in quantitative and molecular genetics. Staff: Scientists, 8 Postdocs and 25 PhD students
37%
26%
37%
Science Foundation University Industry and EU
Funding
• Strong scientific position
• Partnership with industry
• International orientation
B
G
A
Genomics and bioinformatics
Statistical Genetics
Animal Breeding
Expertise
Animal Breeding and Genomics centre
BiodiversityProductivity, healthand welfare
Quality
Farm animalsAquatic species
Companionanimals Natural
populations
Jobs
Industry
Research
Extension
Breeding: utilizing genetic variation
Creating genetic change Selecting the best animals Using the best animals to produce next generation
Aim: produce animals that perform better
Challenges: Understanding the impact of genetic variation Developing tools to find the genetically best animals
Current breeding schemes
BLUP breeding values: Evolved from sire models to animal model From single to multiple trait analysis
Optimally combines phenotypic information
Emphasis on traits that can be recorded relatively easy (growth rate, milk production, longevity)
Application of Molecular genetics
Objective
Finding genes (QTL) that contribute to genetic variation
Molecular Markers
• Differences in DNA
•Can be measured
Principle QTL mapping
Sire AB
50% A 50% B
Difference: information on location and size of QTL
Genetic markers:make it possible to follow
transmission fromparent to offspring
bad good
QTL mapping: central role in gene detection
QTL
Development of molecular tools
Phenotypes andGenotypes
Candidate genes:•Comparative Mapping•Data mining•Physiology•Gene expression
QTL analysis
Gene Identification
Genome sequence: increase in molecular tools
Large increase in number of markersChicken genome sequence: 2.8 million SNPs
identified based
Improvement of comparative mapOpportunity to exploit knowledge from other
species
Chicken – human comparative maps
Genomics and breeding for
product quality
Milk Genomics Initiative: started in 2004
Goal: Determine opportunities to change milk composition through breeding
Three activities
1. Measure milk composition of 2000 cows
2. Determine the amount of genetic variation
3. Mapping QTL/genes involved in some components
Partners:
Design of experiment
5 large
families
50 small
families
1000 heifers
50*20
1000 heifers
5*200
Collection of samples on 400 farms:
1. 3 milk samples
2. Blood sample for DNA analysis
Finding genes using molecular genetic information
Measure
performance
Analysis of DNA
Family structure Collection of information
Results on milk fat composition
Verschillen tussen koeien in C16:0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
C16:0 gehalte van melkvet (in gewichtsprocenten)
aan
tal
koei
en
Verschillen tussen bedrijven in C16:0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
C16:0 gehalte van melkvet (in gewichtsprocenten)
aan
tal
bed
rijv
en
1. Substantial variation in milk fat composition
2. Large genetic variation between cows
3. DGAT1: gene with a large contribution to genetic variation
Milk Genomics Initiative
Unique combination of: Disciplines: from dairy
science to genomics
Industry and University: science for impact
Partners in the chain: from cow to product
Milk Genomics Initiative=Team effort
Utilization of genomic information
1. Gene technology: production of GM animals Application to livestock hindered by many factors including
technology Break through needed to enable site-specific insertion
2. Use genomic information to better exploit natural genetic variation
Marker assisted selection Genomic selection Pedigree reconstruction (e.g. high health chip in pigs)
High health chip
Pig production chain: no information on pedigree of finishing pigs
Large number of DNA markers: opportunity to trace line and father of origin
Opportunities to improve selection for improved health and carcass quality
Research infrastructure
Maintaining up-to-date research infrastructure
ABI 3730 sequencer Illumina BeadXpressX-tractor Gene
Large scale genotyping: outsourced (Utrecht) External funding essential
Successful collaboration with Industry
Long-term partnership important (no quick wins) Recognition of the interest of industry and
university (understand the driving forces) Contributes to publications in leading journals
Thank you
Recommended