Extremes of XML

Extremes of XMLPhilip Fennell

XML London 2013Extremes of XML

XML – meta language…

describes other languages

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is phenomenally successfulis phenomenally successful

Extremes of XML

every information domain imaginable

some are indeed sublime

some are, shall we say… esoteric

XML, a lingua franca for the web

XML grew out of SGML

early applications hinted at diversity

reflecting upon the nature of XML

XML sharing the stage with JSON

15 years of activity

six application categories:

DescribingModeling

ProcessingPublishingInteractingPresenting

what is fascinating is…

not how much…

or how fast…

but the breadth of application

the XML Envelope

introspection is often fruitful

should turn our attention outwards

towards the edges of the envelope

pushing the boundaries of XML

Describing

is not an edge case, it’s the centre

Modeling

captures how we model a domain

edge of current data modeling lies the Semantic Web

the boundary between XML and the Semantic Web is blurred

a mixed and, it should be said, confused relationship

XML - a singular standard

Semantic Web has managed to adopt at least four

RDF/XML has posed a problem…

it’s not a markup language

transform it with XSLT

but don’t query it with XQuery

XML in the Semantic Web is becoming sidelined

XML content does still intersect with the Semantic Web

metadata could, and should, be modeled as

RDF Linked Data

RDB to RDF Mapping Language for Relational Data Model

what about SPARQL over XML?

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schema lifting and lowering

Extremes of XML

lowering lifting

describes the process of mapping schemas to RDF ontologies

Semantic Web Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema (SAWSDL)

<xs:complexType name="entryType"> <xs:annotation> <xs:appinfo> <sawsdl:modelReference href="http://bblfish.net/work/atom-owl/2006-06-06/#Entry"/> </xs:appinfo> <xs:documentation> The Atom entry... </xs:documentation> </xs:annotation> ... </xs:complexType>

how to utilise these annotations to map from a document tree to a graph?

Type Introspection in XQueryMary Holstege, Balisage 2012

(: Get the model reference annotations for a complex type. :)$contextNode/sc:complex-type() !

sc:annotations()//sawsdl:modelReference/@href/string()

<!– Class definition. --><owl:Class rdf:about=http://bblfish.net/work/atom-owl/2006-06-06/#Entry> <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Entry Class</rdfschema:label> <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">see 4.1.2 of the rfc 4287</rdfs:comment> …</owl:Class>

<entry> <title>Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok</title> …</entry>

# Triple from the shadow graph (Turtle).@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix awol: <http://bblfish.net/work/atom-owl/2006-06-06/#> .

[ a awol:Entry ] .

it has uses beyond the domain of web services

to build a 'shadow' graph index via the mapping rules

seamlessly mix XQuery and SPARQLover the same content

a world that's throwing itself at the notion of schemaless databases

where better should we do such a thing than in declarative languages

Processing

many processes can been seen as a series of transformations

static content and application state

application's data structures are a snapshot of its current state

crossing the line from passive state representation to active state manipulation

XProc succeeds as a mechanism for orchestrating sequences of XML processing steps

useful aspect of XProc is it’s ability to create domain-specific languages

manipulate the configuration of an application

<admin:get-configuration/>

<admin:forest-create forest-name="forest1" host-id="hp6910-772" data-directory=""/>

<admin:database-create ml-database-name="data" security-db="Security" schema-db="Schemas"/>

<admin:save-configuration-without-restart/>

application configuration can be viewed as a pipeline of instructions

source input as the current state…

a set of actions that reconfigure

an instruction to commit the changes…

sets of changes can themselves be composed into compound actions

<mla:create-database database="data" schema-db="Schemas" security-db="Security"> <p:input port="forests"> <p:inline> <mla:forests> <mla:forest name="forest1" host="hp6910-772" data-dir=""/> </mla:forests> </p:inline> </p:input></mla:create-database>

the composing of XProc processing steps is an incredibly powerful tool

define your own steps and abstractions

applications outside of XProc’s originally intended domains

Publishing

publishing content appears to be reasonably straightforward

the separation of concerns tells us to keep

the markup of content free from presentation and layout

to take publishing in an intriguing direction –

the Document Description Format

a framework that looks at documents as functions over a dataset

getting data to the point of consumption in

a manner tailored to the recipient

consume many and varied sources of information

transform them to a common structure and apply presentation and layout

constraints

build flexible page layouts that adapt to variability in the source data

data bindingcommon structure

presentation

DDF's main design decision was to 'consider the document as a function of some variable data'

when the document is evaluated, data is transformed into a common structure

from which a view can be generated for presentation

embedding XSLT syntax and semantics provides the mechanism for transformation

partial evaluation is also possible, where theprocessing results in new transformations

another aspect of DDF that is worth noting is the presentation system

going beyond simple flows, DDF supports constraints between components

with so much more and varied data, we need a new direction in document delivery

Interacting

mixed success for XML in user interaction

XForms has grown enthusiasm with the rise of native XML databases

there's another area of interaction, that goes beyond conventional form filling…

Animation!

Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language SMIL :)

has a whole subset of its extensive specification set aside for animation

SMIL Animation has, historically, been tied to its host document types

SMILHTML+Time

with the advent of SMIL Timesheetsthat dependency was broken

orchestrate animation in a web page,orchestrate steps in a workflow

the order of execution of XProc pipelines is not limited to being sequential…

allowing the possibility of asynchronous step processing

with SMIL Timesheets it is conceivable that you can define the orchestration of

step execution in a pipeline

<p:pipeinfo> <smil:timesheet xmlns:smil="http://www.w3.org/ns/SMIL30"> <smil:par> <smil:item select="#service1" begin="term-aggregation.begin" dur="30s"/> <smil:item select="#service2" begin="term-aggregation.begin" dur="30s"/> <smil:item select="#service3" begin="term-aggregation.begin" dur="30s"/> </smil:par> </smil:timesheet></p:pipeinfo>

<terms:get xml:id="service1" name="OpenCalais" href="http://opencalais.com/"/> <p:sink/>

<terms:get xml:id="service2" name="MetaCarta" href="http://www.metacarta.com/"/> <p:sink/>

<terms:get xml:id="service3" name="Yahoo" href="http://search.yahooapis.com/"/> <p:sink/>

putting together unrelated applications of XML can extend their respective usefulness

Presenting

the final step from information to presentation is the conversion of text, values and graphics…

into a visual representation, a rasterization of shapes for display or printed media

SVG is on the ascendant again!

whilst X3D never hit the prime time

experts at Pixar, who brought us Toy Story, developed a 3D image rendering architecture called Reyes

Reyes defines a processing pipeline that

applies a series of transforms to

graphics primitives

so they can be more easily processed for visibility, depth, colour and texture

what has this to do with XML?

at the edge of the XML envelope is the boundary between text and binary formats

when XSLT 2.0 came along it introduced the concept of sequences

a rasterized image is just one long sequence of integer values with some header info

push the boundaries of the XML envelope still further…

implement the Reyes rendering pipeline and a TIFF encoder with XSLT

created from a simple SVG graphic

where all the rectangles are sub-divided into pixel sized micro-polygons

depth sorting, transparency, colour and sampling calculations

finally encoded according to the TIFF format

serialized as a Base64 encoded file

this example is somewhat extreme as it is highly questionable if XSLT is the right technology

however, it was surprisingly straight forward to implement with XSLT

XSLT provides the transformation tools and XML provides the representation

Overlapping Edges

in the XML Envelope there is no clear dividing line between categories

all the categories require description

modeling relies upon processing

publishing utilises processing

interaction could drive processing

presentation is the product of processing

much has been accomplished over the last 15 years

robust tools, techniques and design patterns

XML does not have any hard and fast limits to its application

there are many more applications to which XML and its attendant technologies can be put..

than we might have originally imagined.

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Extremes of XML

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