Exploration and Encounter. Early Europeans Islamic World – Before the Crusades (1100s) Islamic...

Exploration and Exploration and EncounterEncounter

Early EuropeansEarly Europeans

Islamic World – Before the Crusades Islamic World – Before the Crusades (1100s)(1100s)

China – Marco Polo – (1300s)China – Marco Polo – (1300s)

Western Africa – by 1450Western Africa – by 1450

1500s and onwards1500s and onwards

By 1500, the Atlantic Ocean was no By 1500, the Atlantic Ocean was no longer a border.longer a border.

We knew of the “new world.”We knew of the “new world.”

PortugalPortugal

First European Sea PowerFirst European Sea Power

Prince Henry (1394-1460) was known Prince Henry (1394-1460) was known as “the Navigator.”as “the Navigator.”-Established schools for navigation.-Established schools for navigation.-Why?-Why?

Portuguese fought the Arabs for Portuguese fought the Arabs for domination of trade in the Indian domination of trade in the Indian Ocean.Ocean.

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama First European to…First European to…

……Arrive in India by Arrive in India by sea.sea.

What did he bringWhat did he bringback?back?

He would return, withHe would return, withships that could fight.ships that could fight.

Established PortugueseEstablished Portuguesedominance of the seas.dominance of the seas.

CaravelCaravel

Shallow draughtShallow draught Could travel up riversCould travel up rivers

Wind Power was a Wind Power was a relatively new idea.relatively new idea.

Armed with CannonArmed with Cannon

Nau or CarrackNau or Carrack

LargerLarger More sailsMore sails FasterFaster Rounded HullRounded Hull More loadMore load

Ships’ ConditionsShips’ Conditions

DirtyDirty LeakyLeaky What else?What else?

Spanish CompetitionSpanish Competition

In 1492, Columbus “discovered” In 1492, Columbus “discovered” America.America.

This set off the next several decades as This set off the next several decades as an era of competition between Spain and an era of competition between Spain and Portugal for trade and naval dominance.Portugal for trade and naval dominance.

The pope, Alexander VI issued a papal The pope, Alexander VI issued a papal bull to deal with the issue.bull to deal with the issue.

Papal bull, Treaty of Papal bull, Treaty of Tordesillas, and the Treaty of Tordesillas, and the Treaty of

SaragossaSaragossa

New SpainNew Spain

Mexico (as we know it Mexico (as we know it today) was mainly today) was mainly controlled by the Aztec controlled by the Aztec people. (remember people. (remember Tenochtitlan?)Tenochtitlan?)

Hernan Cortes, the Hernan Cortes, the Conquistador that Conquistador that conquered Mexico said:conquered Mexico said:

CortesCortes

The manner of living among the The manner of living among the people is very similar to that in people is very similar to that in Spain, and considering that this is a Spain, and considering that this is a barbarous nation shut off from a barbarous nation shut off from a knowledge of the true God or knowledge of the true God or communication with enlightened communication with enlightened nations, one may marvel at the nations, one may marvel at the orderliness and good government orderliness and good government which is everywhere maintained.which is everywhere maintained.

There was debate, even There was debate, even then:then:

Charles I of Spain (who is that??) Charles I of Spain (who is that??) called together a meeting.called together a meeting.

SOOO much GoldSOOO much Gold

The metals minedThe metals minedin New Spain in New Spain becamebecamethe driver of the the driver of the Spanish Economy.Spanish Economy.

What did this lead What did this lead to?to?

What happenedWhat happenedto the Spanishto the Spanisheconomy economy eventually?eventually?