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The ENVIS Centre on Eastern Ghats is a decentralized Environmental Information Centre established by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India on thematic issue of Ecology of Eastern Ghats
EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter
The Eastern GhatsE P T R I - E N V I S N e w s l e t t e rENVIS CENTRE ON ECOLOGY OF EASTERN GHATS
ENVIS CENTRE ON EASTERN GHATSENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE
91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032, A.P., IndiaPh: +91-40-23180115, 23180104 fax: +91-40-23180135
URL: http://eptrienvis.nic.inEmail : eptri@envis.nic.in / envis@eptri.com
ISSN No: 0974-2336Vol. 20, No.1 2014
Volume-20 Issue-1 January - March 2014
Printed Matter
EPTRI
Dr. M. Suneela,
Mrs. S. Suneetha,
Mr. Md. Khader,
ENVIS Coordinator
Sr. Program Officer
Data Entry Operator
Published by
Supported by
EPTRI, Hyderabad
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)
Government of India, New Delhi
ENVIS Coordinator
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Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.1, 2014
Editorial
Editorial Team
Water Day
Content
The current issue focuses on the medicinal plants of
Pachamalai hills which is a part of Eastern Ghats
situated in the State of Tamilnadu. Around 190
medicinal plants in 67 families and 158 genera have
been identified in Panchamalai. The current research
study addresses about the available medicinal
plants, their useful parts in curing various diseases
with pictorial representation.
Editorial
Water Day
Survey of Medicinal Plants of Pachamalai
Hills, a Part of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu
Bibliography
Results
Conclusion
Water and Energy Water and energy are closely interlinked and interdependent. Energy generation and transmission requires utilization of water resources, particularly for hydroelectric, nuclear, and thermal energy sources. Conversely, about 8% of the global energy generation is used for pumping, treating and transporting water to various consumers.
In 2014, the UN System – working closely with its Member States and other relevant stakeholders – aims to facilitate in developing the policies and crosscutting frameworks that bridge ministries and sectors, leading the way to energy security and sustainable water use in a green economy. Particular attention will be paid to identifying best practices that can make a water- and energy-efficient 'Green Industry' a reality.
(Source www.unwater.org/worldwaterday)
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Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.1, 2014
Survey of Medicinal Plants of Pachamalai Hills, a Part ofEastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu
Amzad Basha Kolar and Ghouse Basha, M(Published in International Journal of current research)
Abstract: A random survey was carried out at Pachamalai hills, a part of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu on the available
wild and native medicinal plants. A total of 190 medicinal plant species with 158 genera belonging to 67 families
(87.6% dicotyledons, 10.7% monocotyledons and 1.5% Gymnosperms) were recorded. Out of this 190 medicinal
plants, twenty three most important plants widely used for treatment of a variety of diseases by the local tribes are
listed along with their botanical name, family name, vernacular name, mode of propagation, parts used, medicinal
uses with current status.
Introduction
Medicinal plants are known as indigenous heritage which is having global importance. India is endowed with a rich
wealth of medicinal plants. It is the treasure trove of herbs in the world. For centuries, majority of Indian's population
has dependent on crude drugs for the treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants are known to possess many
potentially valuable therapeutic agents that provide raw materials for the preparation of medicines. These bioactive
substances are less toxic, more systemic and easily biodegradable. As a result, research on plants is geared towards
the discovery and development of novel phytochemical for human well being. Now these nature's wonders are in
serious threat of extinction and we, as conservationalists should work together to conserve the germplasm for our
future generations. Traditional knowledge and scientific investigations are the two approaches to conserve these
vulnerable species.
Materials and Methods
Study Area
Pachamalai hills are a group of hills in Eastern Ghats and are spread across Salem and Tiruchirappalli districts of
Tamil Nadu. The altitude of Pachamalai ranges from 900 MSL to 1200 MSL. These hills are abundant in dense scrub
forest. The forests are evergreen and mixed deciduous type. The hills located between latitude 11°09'00” and
11°27'00” North longitude 78°28'00” and 78°49'00” East. (Fig.1). The total geographical area is ~13,500 sq km. A
sub-tropical climate prevails with a maximum temperature ranging between 23° C to 31°C and a minimum
temperature ranging 12°C to 18°C. These hills receive maximum rainfall during the months of September, October
and November through the Northeast monsoon. A maximum of 1250 mm of rainfall has been recorded so far in the
past 10 years. The hills receive rainfall in the months of June and August through Southwest monsoon.
As per the field survey, the data has been collected and compared with the herbarium specimens of Rapinat
herbarium (RH), St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirapalli, Madras Herbarium (MH) and their medicinal values were
recorded with the supporting literature. The species have been presented alphabetically with their botanical names
followed by their families, local names, parts used, medicinal uses and their status.
Fig 1: Location of Pachamalaihills
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Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.1, 2014
S.No.
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Alangium salviflorum (Linn.f.) wang
Alangiaceae
Plant Name & Family
Albizia lebbeck Benth.
Fabaceae
Andrographis paniculata(Burm.F.) Nees
Acanthaceae
Carissa carandas L.
Apocynaceae
Cassia obtusa Wight and Arn.
Caesalpiniaceae
Centella asiatica (L.)Urban
Umbelliferae
Evolvulus alsinoides L. Convolulaceae
Feronia limonia L.
Rutaceae
Gloriosa superb L.
Liliaceae
Alangi
Local Name
Vakai
Nilavembu
Perumkla
Nila avarai
Vallarai
Vishnukranti
Vilanga
Kannuvalikodi
Roots and
Fruits
The root bark is an antidote for several poisons. The roots are useful for external application in a c u t e c a s e o f l e p r o s y , inflammation and bites of dogs. Fruits are useful in treating burning sensation and haemorrhages.
UsesParts Used
Barks, flowers,
seedsThe bark is useful in cough & asthma, enlarged cervical glands, s t r e n g t h e n i n g g u m s , s k i n eruptions, sprains, wounds, diarrhoea. The flowers are useful in chronic cough, bronchitis. Seeds are useful in seminal weakness, chronic catarrh.
Whole Plant Leaves are used in diarrhea, cough, sore throat, tonsillitis, bronchitis, menstrual and post p a r t u m , h e m a t o m e t r a , hypertension and snake- bite
Roots, fruits Roots are useful in stomach disorders, intestinal worms scabies and pruritis. The unripe fruits are useful in anorexia, burning sensation, skin diseases.
Leaves Leaves are useful in stomach disorders, intestinal worms. The powered leaves are mixed in hot water taken for throat pain. They are also used as cattle feed.
Whole plant The plant is used in the therapy of measles, epistasis, dysentery, c o n s t i p a t i o n , j a u n d i c e , furunculosis. External application in the form of poultice is useful for fractures and sprains.
Whole plant It is nootropic agent. It is useful in chronic bronchitis, general weakness, fever, and nervous debility, loss of memory, syphilis and scrofula.
Fruits and
leavesThe Fruit is used to stimulate the digestive system. Leaves are used to treat indigestion, diarrhea and haemorrhoids.
Seeds and
tubers
The roots are used in curing ulcers, bleeding piles, skin diseases, leprosy, indigestion, snake bites, baldness, debility. Useful in promoting labour and expulsion of the placenta. If consumed large doses it is highly poisonous and causes vomiting, stomach ache and burning sensation, Seeds are used for relieving rheumatic pain and act as a muscle relaxant.
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Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.1, 2014
18 Rubia cordifolia L. Rubiaceae
Manjitti Roots and stem They are used internally in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, internal and external haemorrhage, bronchitis, stones in the kidney, bladder and gall, dysentery, etc. The stem is used in the treatment of blood disorders and spreading fever of kidneys and intestines. Apart from all these medicinal values, the leaves are used as a side dish with rice and also a red dye is obtained from the roots
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Santalum album L. Santalaceae.
Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae
Solanum erianthum D.Don
Solanaceae
Strychnos nux-vomica L.Loganiaceae
Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br.Apocynaceae
Sandanam
Kattu kodi
Aanai
sundaikaai
Etti
Tontampalai
Heartwood
R o o t s a n d leaves
Leaves
Bark, leaves
and seeds
Leaves, bark,
seeds.
The heartwood is useful for treating burning sensation, dipsia, cephalalgia, foul odour due to hyperhidrosis, skin diseases leprosy, forgetfulness, amentia, psychopathy, cardiac debility, haemoptys is , hyperac id i ty, jaundice, strangury, cough, bronchitis, inflammations, cystitis, dysentery, gastric irritability, menorrhagia , leucorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, intermittent fever and general debility
Roots are used for the treatment of veneral diseases, skin diseases, sores, swellings and abscess. Also applied for rheumatism and pains in the lower extremities.
A locally applied poultice of pounded and heated fresh leaves for the relief of haemorrhoids and scrofula. A plaster made of concentrated fresh juice cures dermatomycosis and impetigo. An internally applied decoction of the leaves is used as taeniafuge in buffaloes
The leaves are applied as poultice in the treatment of chronic wounds and ulcers and the leaf decoction is useful in Paralytic complaints. The pulp of the ripe fruit is used in treating Paralytic infections of paws and foot. The seeds are useful in anemia, insomnia, cardiopalmus, asthma, bronchitis, constipation, diabetes, intermittent and malarial fevers, skin diseases and weakness of limbs
The leaves are usefu l in odontalgia, hypertension.The bark and seeds are useful in dyspepsia, f latulence,col ic, leprosy, psoriasis, hemorrhoids, d ipsia,helminthiasis, fever, burning sensation, and dropsy.
S.No. Plant Name & Family Local Name UsesParts Used
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Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.1, 2014
S.No. Plant Name & Family Local Name UsesParts Used
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Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br.
Asclepiadaceae
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br.Asclepiadaceae
Hiptage benghalensis (L.)
Kurz.
Malpighiaceae
Hugonia mystax L.
Linaceae
Mallotus phillippensis(Lamk) Muell.
Euphorbiaceae
Naravelia zeylanica L.
Ranunculaceae
Plumbago zeylanica L.
Plumbaginaceae
Randia dumetorum
(Retz.) Poir.
Rubiaceae
Sakkaraikolli
Nannari
Madhavi
Motirakanni
Kunkumam
Vatamkolli
Chithiramulana
Mathukkaarai
Whole plant,
leaves
The plant is useful in treating inflammations, constipation, j a u n d i c e , h e l m e n t h i a s i s , cardiopathy, cough, asthma, bronchitis, conjuctivities and leucoderma. The fresh leaves when chewed have the property of paralyzing the sense of taste for sweet and bitter substance for sometime.
Roots, stem,
Leaves
Roots are useful in treating burning sensa t i on , oph ta lmopa thy, e p i l e p t i c f i t s , d y s p e p s i a , haemorrhoids, fever. The leaves are useful in treating vomiting, wounds, and leucoderma. Stems are diaphoretic and laxative.
Bark, leaves,
flowersThe bark, leaves and flowers are useful in treating burning sensation, wounds, ulcers. Cough, asthma cardiac debility, skin diseases, leprocy, scabies and hyperdipsia.
Roots The roots are useful for fevers, verminosis, externally as a paste for inflammations.
Glandular hairs
of the fruitThe glandular hairs of the fruit are u s e f u l f o r v e r m i n o s i s , constipation, flatulence, wounds, ulcers, renal and vesical calculi, hemorrhages, scabies, ringworm herpes.
Whole plant T h e p l a n t i s a s t r i n g e n t , an the lm in th i c , depura t i ve , anodyne, anti-inflammatory. It is useful for treating helminthiasis, leprosy, rheumatalgia, odontalgia, cephalalgia, colic, inflammations wounds and ulcers.
Leaves, roots The root is used to treat leprosy. In Indian herbal medicine, the leaves and root are used to treat infections and digestive problems like dysentery. A paste of the leaves and root is applied to painful rheumatic areas and itchy areas.
Bark, fruits The bark is useful in ostalgia during fever, diarrhoea, bruises a n d c u t s . T h e f r u i t s a r e emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, abortifacient and antispasmodic.
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Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.1, 2014
MEDICINAL PLANTS
A veiw of Pachamalai Hills
Alangium salvifolium (Linn.f.) Wang
Albizzia lebbeck Benth.
Andrographis paniculata Nees.
Cassia obtusa (Roxb. wight & Arn)
Carissa carandas L.
Evolvolus alsinoides L. Feronia limonia L.Centella asiatica L.
Gloriosa superba L. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br.
Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz.
Hugonia mystax L. Mallotus philippensis (Lamk.) M.
Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC.
Plumbago zeylanica L. Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir.
To Printed MatterSri......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Pin :.......................................................................
From:ENVIS CoordinatorENVIS Centre on Ecology of Eastern Ghats,Environment Protection Training and Research Institute (EPTRI)91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032, A.P., IndiaPh : +91-040-23180110, 23180111, 23180100Fax No.:+91-040-23180135,Website: http://eptrienvis.nic.inEmail: eptri@envis.nic.in
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Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.1, 2014
RESULTRESULTResultsBibliography
In the present study, a total number of 190 medicinal plants in 67 families and 158 genera were recorded. Among the studies, medicinal plants around 57 dictolydon (87.6%), 9 monocotyledons (10.7%), and 1 gymnosperm (1.5%) were identified. The largest number of species (13) belongs to Euphorbiaceae followed by (10) Papilionoideae Solanaceae and Rubiaceae with eight species each. Each of all other families had less than seven plant species associated with the treatment of the diseases documented. Most of the species grow in wild, naturally and few of them were cultivated in kitchen gardens.
Conclusion
Medicinal plants play a vital role in healthcare sector.
The medicinal plants are in the state of extinction due
to over exploitation and unsustainable harvesting
practices. The present study will assist in identifying
the native medicinal plants with proper curing
techniques.
1. Akerele, O., 1988. Medicinal plants and primary health care: An agenda for action Fitoterapia, 59, 355–363.
2. Ayensu, E.S., 1983. Endangered plants used in traditional medicine. In Traditional Medicine and Health Care Coverage, Robert H. Bannerman, J. Burton and Chien Wen-Chieh (eds),WHO, Geneva, 175-183
3. Gamble, J.S. and Fischer, C.E.C. 1915-1936. The Flora of the Presidency of Madras. Adlards and Sons. Ltd., London.
4. Hooker, J.D. 1897. The Flora of British India, Vol. 1-7. Reeve and Co., London.
5. Kameswara Rao, N., 2004. Plant genetic resources: Advancing conservat ion and use through biotechnology. Af .J .Biotech, 3(2): 136-145.
6. Kurian, J.C., 1995. Plants that heal. Oriental Watchman Publishing House, Pune Mathew, K.M., 1981-1983, The Flora of the Tamil Nadu Carnatic, Rapinat Herbarium, Tiruchirappalli.
7. Narayan Das Prajapati, Purohit, S.S., Arun Sharma, K. And Tarun Kumar., 2003. A Handbook of Medicinal Plants Agrobios India, Jodhpur.
Santalum album L.Rubia cardifolia L. Smilax zeylanica L.
Solanum erianthum L. Strychnos nux -vomica L.
Wrightia tinctoria
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