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English Grammar (Teaching)

Today’s class

• Review + M-U-F

• Descriptive vs prescriptive grammar

• Brief history of English

• Form activities

• Homework assignment

Website: edwardtesol.com (password: english)

Teaching vocabulary and grammar

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M-U-F framework

Can you play the piano?

Can you open the window?

How is the meaning of these sentences different?

Is the form different or the same?

M-U-F examplesREVIEW

M-U-F examples

“The dog’s b*llocks.”

“The bee’s knees.”

These are British idioms that mean “good/amazing”

Notice that the form and the meaning are the same. However, one of these is rude and should not be used in polite settings. This means the “use” is different.

REVIEW

M-U-F examples

“What’s the time?”

“Have you got the time?”

According to the M-U-F framework, how are these expressions the same and different?

Which part of the M-U-F framework is different?

Homework Review

REVIEW

The form of words: Prefix / Suffix / Base wordKnowing these can help with guessing the meaning of new words.

REVIEW

Can you think of any more similar examples of words with ‘port’?

The form of words: Prefix / Suffix / Base wordREVIEW

Answers!

PrefixesREVIEW

How can we express meaning?

make the context clear images photos

diagrams video mime

dialogue examples

For TeachersREVIEW

Activities for use

CLT activities information gap

information transfer jigsaw reading

survey discussion / debate sharing opinions problem-solving

For TeachersREVIEW

Form-focused tasks (conscious-raising / noticing tasks)

• identifying • judging • completing • modifying • sorting • matching • rule provision (guessing a rule)

From: http://linguistics.uoregon.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Cho-Sojung-Aug-11.pdf

For TeachersREVIEW

always

subject adverb verb predicate

I always usually

sometimes never

eat peanut butter on toast for breakfast

1. MEANING

2. USE

3. FORM

What techniques or activities are suitable for each stage?

M T W T F S S

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

100% ALWAYS0% NEVER 50% SOMETIMES

“I always do my homework. I never play computer games”

Practice task

In your groups discuss activities for each each of the expressions below using M-U-F framework.

1. prepositions of place: in, on, under…

2. ‘at’ preposition of time: at 7:00pm, at lunchtime, at bedtime)

3. possessive pronouns: my, his, hers

4. sports + can: I can play tennis, basketball, golf…

5. transportation + go to: I go to school by car, by bike, by subway…

6. present perfect about experiences: I’ve been to Paris, I’ve eaten sushi…

MEANING USE FORM

how? activity? activity?

Prescriptive grammar vs. Descriptive grammar

(think about the double negative in the statement)

Prescriptive grammar is prescribed by rules.

Descriptive grammar describes how people

really use language

Which is correct?

I am older than her. / I am older than she.

Descriptive Explanation “than her”: Subject pronouns (she, he, it, and so on) are paired with a verb, whereas object pronouns (her, him, it, and so on) are not. Since the phrase "than her" doesn't have a verb we can see or hear, some speakers choose an object pronoun in the context.

Prescriptive Explanation “than she”: 'than' is a conjunction; it joins two like forms: "I am older" with "she is older", giving "I am older than she is older", but speakers omit the last part "is older" because it's redundant. Nevertheless, according to prescriptive grammar, 'than' functions as a conjunction, so speakers should use "she" in that context.

Descriptive verb conjugation

“to be”

I … You … He … She … It … We … They …

http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/regional-voices/grammatical-variation/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uctPoDujEM4

http://weloveaccents.co.uk/category/black-country-brummie-accents/page/2/

The Black Country

Q: How is Korean language use changing in younger generations?

Descriptive grammar is also influenced by younger generations.

Have you ever wondered why English is such a strange language with many different rules,

strange spellings, and irregularities?

Why do you think English is like this?

…because English is a Frankenstein language!

The History of Britain: The Celts, 8th century BC onwards

Loan Words:

basketcar (chariot)clock (bell)hooliganpetdad

Romans (Latin), 1st ~ 4th century

Loan Words:

agriculturediplomadistributedramainstructorinvestigatemuseummoderator

Anglo-Saxons (the Germanic tribes), 5th century onwards

Loa

Loan Words:- arm, bone, chest, ear, eye, foot- day, month, moon, sun, year- cow, dog, fish, goat, sheep- do, eat, go, help, kiss, love, see

The Norman Conquest, 1066

Loan Words:

- parliament, government, crown- treasure, wage, poverty- army, castle, tower- costume, gown, beauty, colour, design- stew, grill, roast, bacon- uncle, aunt, nephew, cousin

Other influences

Spanish: avocado, cafeteria, barbecue, mosquito, vanillaItalian: model, cartoon, brilliant, pilot, volcano, cello, violin

Native American: chipmunk, igloo, moose, pecan, kayakChinese: ketchup, tofu, typhoon, tea, silk

Indian: avatar, bungalow, cheetah, jungle, khaki, pyjamasAfrican languages: banjo, chimpanzee, jazz, zombie

Words with Arabic origin

‘The History of English in 10 Minutes’https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njJBw2KlIEo

This video can be found on YouTube. You can find transcripts online if the speech is too quick.

Ideas for Practicing Grammar

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CWB_hxeoyU

Teaching grammar to young learners. Example activity:

happy

sad

angry

Teaching grammar to young learners. Example activity:

Is he angry? No he isn’t.

He is _____.

Teaching grammar to young learners. Example activity:

Is she happy? No ___ isn’t.

She ___ ______.

Teaching grammar to young learners. Example activity:

Is the monkey sad? No it ____.

It ___ ______.

Can you guess my sentence?

Is the [animal] [feeling]?

Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

Grid game

Grid game for higher level students

Sentence Mimes

This activity is good for practicing sentence order (grammar). Choose a simple sentence and create an action for each word. For example:

I [point to eye] like [make/point to heart] cats [make a paw]. What other animals can we put in this sentence with actions?

We [draw a circle] are [bend finger] reading books [act reading]. What other hobbies can we act with this sentence?

What does this mean? [draw a circle] [make/point to heart] [make a paw]

In your groups choose a sentence and make mimes to teach the class. Can we make any new sentences with our new actions?

Intermediate example activities

If it rains tomorrow,

If it is sunny tomorrow,

I will…

I will…

Example activities: Focus on Form

Finish these sentences:

• If she goes to the party, she will…

• If we practice a lot, we will…

• She will marry him if he…

• I will buy you a sandwich if you…

Example activities: Focus on Form

1. Take a paper slip and find your sentence partner (see PDF).

2. Complete the worksheet.

3. Do the survey with your partner (see PDF).

Grammar activity: Card Game with Present Perfect tense

1. Mix the cards face down.

2. Take it in turns turning over 2 cards.

3. If the two parts of the cards make a sentence, you can keep the two cards.

4. The player with the most cards at the end wins the game.

Homework 1: Watch on YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dmSdO-6WEU

Homework 2:

Homework 2:

Here is a syllabus from Chapter 3: Grammar for Intermediate Learners in Practical English Language Teaching: Grammar by David Nunan. A copy of the full chapter is available on my website for reference.

In class, we will arrange a unit for each of you from the syllabus. This means that each of you will have a different grammar point. If you are absent from class, then you can choose any unit.

For Week 7 (after Chuseok), you need to prepare a grammar activity for your unit’s grammar point. The grammar activity can be created by you or from a website or textbook. The grammar activity can be in the form of a worksheet, survey, information gap, word cards, board game, guessing game, or any other format that you think is suitable for your target language. Take a look at the full Chapter 3 file from my website to get some ideas.

Homework 2:

Here are some online resources where you may be able to find materials and ideas:

http://busyteacher.org/

https://en.islcollective.com/

In Week 7 class, you will present and explain your activity in small groups, perhaps with a short demonstrate to help others understand.