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Presentations from the International Workshop on Energy Storage Technologies and Applications, April 2013, ADB Headquarters, Manila
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Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
April 4, 2013
Alan Kneisz, Business Development Director
Asia Pacific and Oceania
Energy Storage in Telecom Applications Asian Development Bank
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Hydrogenics’ Lines of Business
3
Onsite Generation Water Electrolyzers
Industrial hydrogen Hydrogen fueling
Energy Storage Water Electrolysers and/or Power Modules
Power Systems Power Modules
Stand-by power Mobility power
Load Control, Smart Grid,
Remote Communities and Power-to-Gas
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Critical
Power
Mat. Handling
Backup Power
Energy
Storage
Urban
Transit
Hydrogen
4
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Communication Systems and Development
Telecom Systems are often in off-grid or poor-grid
areas with high outages
Telecom sites are a key to development of remote
communities empowering them
They are centrally located in small villages or towns to
ensure best coverage
Energy Storage is critical to keep Telecom sites up and
running
z
Recent Developments
Telecom system power is being dramatically reduced with 3G technology - 35% for WCDMA
But many sites continue to operate older 2G which increase s needs of power
Theft and energy stability is changing the type or energy storage needed on telecom sites
Green technologies have become comparable in CAPEX and lower in OPEX toward Diesel Generators
BTS Power
Consumption (W)
1995 to 2012
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Energy Storage Options for Telecoms Batteries (metal hydride ) Extensive replacement (3 years)
Batteries (lithium) Longer life but more expensive
Diesel Generators Polluting, noisy, unreliable, theft
Charge/Discharge (CDC) Better option but similar concerns
Solar/Battery Greener but expensive and high replacement
Fuel Cells (hydrogen) Long life, best storage density
Hydrogen Fuel Cells have distinct advantages:
• No loss of fuel over time
• No loss of charge
• No overcharging
• Unlimited refills
• Highest reliability (99.95%) and lifetime
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Fuel Cells combine the advantages of batteries and gensets
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Super
Capacitors
Lead acid
Spirally wound
Ni-Cd Ni-MH
Li-ion
High energy
LiM-Polymer
Ni-NiCQLead
acid
Li-ion
Very high
power
Li-ion
High power
300 400 500 600 7000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Energy Storage Energy Density vs. Power Density
Specific Energy, Wh/kg
Sp
ecific
Po
we
r, W
/kg
A123
Thundersky -LFP
ZEBRA 12kW HD FCPM, 350 bar H2,
270F Ultracap
EEStor
“Claim”
A123,
5kWhr Pack
Toshiba, SCiB Standard
Module, TBP Series
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Technology Comparison Self Discharge Per Month:
Diesel Generators: 5-10%
Batteries (lead acid): +30%
Batteries (lithium): 5 – 10%
Fuel Cells: 0%
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Option 1: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Hydrogenics
Electrolyzer
Solar, Wind or
Hydro
Mains
Distribution
Telecom Site
Fuel Cell
Fuel
Processor
Methanol
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Rectifier and Battery
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Hydrogen Storage and Generation
Trailers : Self contained mobile refueling system,
which can be towed with a standard pick-up truck
• Can refill close to 20 cylinders
Hydrogen Cylinders: • Steel - most common, many sizes • Aluminum – 1/3 weight • Carbon Fiber - lightest
Hydrogen can be generated on-site and stored when needed using an Electrolyser or Methanol Reformer
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Option 2: Charge Discharge Cycling
• Using batteries as the primary energy
source in a continuous charge-
discharge-cycling (CDC) operating
mode
• Fuel costs and emissions can be
substantially reduced and overall
system efficiency dramatically
improved.
• Batteries have become more heat
tolerant and last longer
Battery
Type
Cost
$ per Wh Wh/kg Joules/kg Wh/liter
Lead-acid $0.17 41 146,000 100
Alkaline
long-life $0.19 110 400,000 320
Carbon-zinc $0.31 36 130,000 92
NiMH $0.99 95 340,000 300
NiCad $1.50 39 140,000 140
Lithium-ion $0.47 128 460,000 230
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Fuel Cells in Telecom Applications
India
• Indonesia has almost 1000 sites using
Fuel Cells for Telecoms
• Globally extensive expansion in
many countries , fully commercial for
the last 10 years
• Other countries are looking at major
deployments like India and Philippines
• Hydrogen access challenging in some
areas but if addressed, mass adoption is
possible
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Green Power in Telecoms as Energy Storage
Increased Reliability and Reduced Servicing
of remote Telecom sites
• Energy storage means greater uptime
Greater expansion of power to remote and
developing communities = greater productivity
Extensive reduction in Operating expenses
for Telecom companies by using Green power
Access - Telecom sites are deployed in many
locations without power
• This creates community power stations for the
local populace
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Energy Storage Summary
Current storage is primarily lead acid batteries and diesel
generators
Developing solutions are:
• CDC – Charge Discharge Cycling
• Solar and Battery
• New battery technologies – Lithium
• Fuel Cells
Fuel Cells offer the most economical and greater storage
and power density of all solutions
• Reduction of fuel subsidies and vehicle launches will make
Fuel Cell and Hydrogen mainstream
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
Hydrogenics Power Modules in Mobile Applications
Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation
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