Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

April 4, 2013

Alan Kneisz, Business Development Director

Asia Pacific and Oceania

Energy Storage in Telecom Applications Asian Development Bank

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Hydrogenics’ Lines of Business

3

Onsite Generation Water Electrolyzers

Industrial hydrogen Hydrogen fueling

Energy Storage Water Electrolysers and/or Power Modules

Power Systems Power Modules

Stand-by power Mobility power

Load Control, Smart Grid,

Remote Communities and Power-to-Gas

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Critical

Power

Mat. Handling

Backup Power

Energy

Storage

Urban

Transit

Hydrogen

4

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Communication Systems and Development

Telecom Systems are often in off-grid or poor-grid

areas with high outages

Telecom sites are a key to development of remote

communities empowering them

They are centrally located in small villages or towns to

ensure best coverage

Energy Storage is critical to keep Telecom sites up and

running

z

Recent Developments

Telecom system power is being dramatically reduced with 3G technology - 35% for WCDMA

But many sites continue to operate older 2G which increase s needs of power

Theft and energy stability is changing the type or energy storage needed on telecom sites

Green technologies have become comparable in CAPEX and lower in OPEX toward Diesel Generators

BTS Power

Consumption (W)

1995 to 2012

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Energy Storage Options for Telecoms Batteries (metal hydride ) Extensive replacement (3 years)

Batteries (lithium) Longer life but more expensive

Diesel Generators Polluting, noisy, unreliable, theft

Charge/Discharge (CDC) Better option but similar concerns

Solar/Battery Greener but expensive and high replacement

Fuel Cells (hydrogen) Long life, best storage density

Hydrogen Fuel Cells have distinct advantages:

• No loss of fuel over time

• No loss of charge

• No overcharging

• Unlimited refills

• Highest reliability (99.95%) and lifetime

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Fuel Cells combine the advantages of batteries and gensets

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Super

Capacitors

Lead acid

Spirally wound

Ni-Cd Ni-MH

Li-ion

High energy

LiM-Polymer

Ni-NiCQLead

acid

Li-ion

Very high

power

Li-ion

High power

300 400 500 600 7000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Energy Storage Energy Density vs. Power Density

Specific Energy, Wh/kg

Sp

ecific

Po

we

r, W

/kg

A123

Thundersky -LFP

ZEBRA 12kW HD FCPM, 350 bar H2,

270F Ultracap

EEStor

“Claim”

A123,

5kWhr Pack

Toshiba, SCiB Standard

Module, TBP Series

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Technology Comparison Self Discharge Per Month:

Diesel Generators: 5-10%

Batteries (lead acid): +30%

Batteries (lithium): 5 – 10%

Fuel Cells: 0%

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Option 1: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Hydrogenics

Electrolyzer

Solar, Wind or

Hydro

Mains

Distribution

Telecom Site

Fuel Cell

Fuel

Processor

Methanol

Hydrogen

Hydrogen

Rectifier and Battery

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Hydrogen Storage and Generation

Trailers : Self contained mobile refueling system,

which can be towed with a standard pick-up truck

• Can refill close to 20 cylinders

Hydrogen Cylinders: • Steel - most common, many sizes • Aluminum – 1/3 weight • Carbon Fiber - lightest

Hydrogen can be generated on-site and stored when needed using an Electrolyser or Methanol Reformer

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Option 2: Charge Discharge Cycling

• Using batteries as the primary energy

source in a continuous charge-

discharge-cycling (CDC) operating

mode

• Fuel costs and emissions can be

substantially reduced and overall

system efficiency dramatically

improved.

• Batteries have become more heat

tolerant and last longer

Battery

Type

Cost

$ per Wh Wh/kg Joules/kg Wh/liter

Lead-acid $0.17 41 146,000 100

Alkaline

long-life $0.19 110 400,000 320

Carbon-zinc $0.31 36 130,000 92

NiMH $0.99 95 340,000 300

NiCad $1.50 39 140,000 140

Lithium-ion $0.47 128 460,000 230

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Fuel Cells in Telecom Applications

India

• Indonesia has almost 1000 sites using

Fuel Cells for Telecoms

• Globally extensive expansion in

many countries , fully commercial for

the last 10 years

• Other countries are looking at major

deployments like India and Philippines

• Hydrogen access challenging in some

areas but if addressed, mass adoption is

possible

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Green Power in Telecoms as Energy Storage

Increased Reliability and Reduced Servicing

of remote Telecom sites

• Energy storage means greater uptime

Greater expansion of power to remote and

developing communities = greater productivity

Extensive reduction in Operating expenses

for Telecom companies by using Green power

Access - Telecom sites are deployed in many

locations without power

• This creates community power stations for the

local populace

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Energy Storage Summary

Current storage is primarily lead acid batteries and diesel

generators

Developing solutions are:

• CDC – Charge Discharge Cycling

• Solar and Battery

• New battery technologies – Lithium

• Fuel Cells

Fuel Cells offer the most economical and greater storage

and power density of all solutions

• Reduction of fuel subsidies and vehicle launches will make

Fuel Cell and Hydrogen mainstream

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

Hydrogenics Power Modules in Mobile Applications

Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation