View
6
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
1
Overview of Energy Supply in
Ireland
2
Key Reference Documents
•SEI 2005 E
ner
gy
in I
rela
nd 1
990-2
005 Sustainable Energy Ireland,
available online from
http://www.sei.ie
•DCMNR 2007 W
hite
Paper
: D
eliv
erin
g a
Sust
ain
able
Ener
gy
Futu
re
for
Irel
andGovernment of Ireland Departm
ent of Communications
Marine and Natural Resources, available online from
http://www.dcm
nr.ie
•DCMNR 2006 G
reen
Paper
: D
eliv
erin
g a
Sust
ain
able
Ener
gy
Futu
re
for
Irel
andGovernment of Ireland Departm
ent of Communications
Marine and Natural Resources, available online from
http://www.dcm
nr.ie
•DEHLG 2007 I
rela
nd N
ational C
lim
ate
Change
Str
ate
gy
2007-2
012
Government of Ireland DEpartm
entof Environment Heritage and
Local Government, available online from http://www.environ.ie
3
Outline
•References
•Energy Balance
•Security of Supply
•Energy Intensity
•National Energy Supply
•SectoralConsumption
•Electricity
4
Ireland Energy Balance 2006 in
Graphical Form
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
5
Outline
•References
•Energy Balance
•Security of Supply
•Energy Intensity
•National Energy Supply
•SectoralConsumption
•Electricity
6
Security of Supply
•An analysis of security of supply
considers how exposed a nation is to
the risk of not being able to m
eet its future energy requirem
ents.
•Among the factors to be considered are:
–Im
port dependency, as a nation has m
ore control over its indigenous
resources a low import dependency increases security of supply.
–Penetration of Renew
ables: In an era of uncertainty over fossil fuel stock
an increasing penetration of renew
ablesincreases security of supply.
–Diversity: A nation with a diverse m
ix of energy sources is less
exposed to
shock affecting any one energy source. This increases security of supply
7
Security of Supply
8
Outline
•References
•Energy Balance
•Security of Supply
•Energy Intensity
•National Energy Supply
•SectoralConsumption
•Electricity
9
Energy Intensity in Ireland 1990-2006
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
10
GDP and Energy Growth
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
11
Energy Intensity Questions
•Energy Intensity is calculated as energy per unit of output.
In national terms GDP is used as a measure of economic
output. GDP is adjusted for inflation.
•Irelands Energy Intensity has falledsteadily since 1990s.
Factors accounting for this include:
–Economic Growth leading to productivity improvem
ents
–Efficiency Improvem
ents in Energy Applications
–Structural Changes in industry (Move from Old style heavy
industry to light industry with lesser energy requirem
ent)
•Question: Has Electrical Energy intensity fallen as quickly
as primary energy intensity? Why?
12
Outline
•References
•Energy Balance
•Security of Supply
•Energy Intensity
•National Energy Supply
•SectoralConsumption
•Electricity
13
Primary Energy Trend by Fuel
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
14
Total Final Consumption by Fuel Type
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
15
Primary Energy By M
ode of
Application
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
16
Questions
•Which fuels are most important to each
mode of application?
•Can you find evidence of fuel switching in
the graphs?
17
Outline
•References
•Energy Balance
•Security of Supply
•Energy Intensity
•National Energy Supply
•SectoralConsumption
•Electricity
18
SectoralEnergy Trends
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
19
SectoralEnergy Trends Questions
•If necessary refer to the tabular data in Energy in
Ireland to answ
er these questions
•Which Sector’s energy requirem
ent has grown
most rapidly?
•Which Sector has grown least?
•What factors determine the energy growth rate in
each sector?
•Can energy requirem
ent be used as a measure of
activity in a sector?
20
Industry
21
Industry
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
005
22
Industry Continued
•Note: Industry in this sense refers primarily
to m
anufacturing but does include mining.
•What is meant by Industrial Energy
Intensity?
•What is the unit kgoe/€2003?
•Suggest Reasons Why Irelands industrial
energy intensity has fallen dramatically
since 1990
23
Transport Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
24
Transport Energy Dem
and by M
ode
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
005
25
Questions
•Which m
odes of transport have shown the
most rapid increase in energy dem
and?
Why?
•What is meant by “Fuel Tourism
”? Suggest
reasons for its rapid growth since 1995
26
Residential Energy Dem
and
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
27
Energy Per Dwelling
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
28
Residential Questions
•Total energy per dwelling has not increased
substantially since 1990 yet total residential
energy dem
and has grown substantially. Discuss.
•Give Reasons why Fossil Fuel Dem
and per
dwelling has fallen while electricity dem
and per
dwelling has risen
•Discuss the factors that affect the residential
energy dem
and fuel m
ix and the timescales
involved.
29
Commercial and Public Sector
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
005
30
Questions
•Commercial and Public Sector includes
Retail, Financial Services,
Telecommunications, Healthcare, Tourism
,
all Government Departm
ents and Agencies.
•What is the dominant form
of final energy
consumption in the commercial sector?
Why?
31
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
Industry
The term
“industry”is sometim
es expanded to include all economic activities as
follows:
•Primary Industry: Produce Raw
Materials (eg
Agriculture / M
ining / Forestry)
•Secondary Industry: Manufacture Goods (egElectronics / Automobiles /
clothes)
•Tertiary Industry: Provide Services (eg
Banks, Transport, Tourism
, Healthcare)
•A common pattern is that a nations focus moves from primary to
secondary to tertiary industry as it becomes increasingly m
ore
economically developed.
–Where im
pact would this trend be expected to have on energy
requirem
ents?
–Can you find evidence of such a pattern from the preceding graphs of
energy consumption in Ireland?
32
Outline
•References
•Energy Balance
•Security of Supply
•Energy Intensity
•National Energy Supply
•SectoralConsumption
•Electricity
33
Focus on Electricity
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
34
Efficiency Of Electricity Supply
Source: SEI
Ener
gy
in I
rela
nd 2
000-2
006
35
Primary Fuel M
ix for Electricity Generation
36
Electricity Questions
•Relative Efficiency of fuels used for electricity
generation:
Renew
ables> Gas > Oil > Coal / Peat
•The im
provem
ents in the efficiency of electricity
in Ireland come from
–Increased use of Renew
ables
–Fuel switching
–Investm
ent in new
technology (Combined Cycle Gas
Turbines)
Recommended