ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND CALCULATION · 2016-02-25 · CONSUMPTION AND CALCULATION BY CAGASAN,...

ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

ANDCALCULATION

BY CAGASAN, CINCO, REMULTA, SORELA

Electric energy consumption is the form of energy consumption that uses electric energy.

Electric energy consumption is the actual energy demand made on existing electricity supply.

WHAT IS ENERGY?Energy - The ability to do work.

Energy (w) = Power x Time

Electrical energy is…Energy that is caused by moving electric charges.

Since the electric charges are moving, this is a form of kinetic energy.

Electrical energy use is usually measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), and it is the mathematical product of

electrical power and time.

Energy = Power x Time

World total final consumption by fuels in 2012 (IEA, 2014)

41%

10%15%

12%

18%

4%Oil

Coal/Peat/Shale

Natural Gas

Biofuels and waste

Electricity

Others

ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE

PHILIPPINES

Electricity remains as the most common source of energy used by households in the Philippines

About 87 percent of 21.0 million households used electricity from March to August 2011.

The other sources used by a significant proportion of households include fuelwood, charcoal, LPG and kerosene with at least one-third of the total households using any of these types of fuel in 2011.

Electricity was also popularly used for recreation and space cooling about 79% and 66% of the households using electricity, respectively.

For recreation, about three in four households (75%) used electricity for TV viewing

one in three households (34%) used it for their radio/tape recorder/stereo,

one in four households (26%), for their VCR/karaoke/videoke.

At least one in three households with an average monthly income of P10,000 or more consumed electricity for their VCR/karaoke/videoke.

For space cooling, two in three households (65%) used electricity for electric fan, while one in 10 households (9%), for an air conditioning unit .

The other uses of electricity were for ironing clothes (46% of total households), laundry (29%), cooking and food preparation (20%), computer activity (15%), water heating for bathing (4%) and water pumping (3%).

Let’s do the

MATH

HOWto calculate

electric bills?

Remember . . .

When purchasing appliances, be sure to know how much power it uses

in order for you to know how much it is costing you : )

Just so you know. . .

Every appliance or electric device adds a little something to your bill

4

S T E P S

1. WATTS PER DAY

To calculate energy consumption costs, simply multiply the unit’s

wattage by the number of hours you use it, to find the number of

watt-hours consumed each day

To make our lives easier….Formula:

Watt-hours per day = wattage of device x # of hours the device is being used

EXAMPLE:

Let’s say you use a 125 watt television for three hours per day.Solution:

• Watt-hours per day = wattage of device x # of hours the device is being used

• Watt-hours per day = (125 watts)(3 hours)

• Watt-hours per day = (375)

Answer : 375 watt-hours per day

2. CONVERT TO KILOWATTS

BUT! electricity is measured in kilowatt hours on your electricity bill.

B E A R in MIND

1 kilowatt = 1,000 watts

EXAMPLE:Let’s say you use a 125 watt television for three hours per day.

Solution:

• Watt-hours per day = wattage of device x # of hours the device is being used

• Watt-hours per day = (125 watts)(3 hours)

• Watt-hours per day = (375)

Answer : 375 watt-hours per day

Conversion:

375 watt-hours per day 1000 watts

= 0.375 kWh per day

3.USAGE OVER A MONTH PERIOD

Now to find out how much that’s actually going to cost you

on your electric bill, you’ll have to take the equation a bit further.

To make our lives easier….Formula:

kWh per day x 30 days = kWh per month

* Since 1 month=30 days

EXAMPLE: Let’s say you use a 125 watt television for

three hours per day.

Solution:

• Watt-hours per day = wattage of device x # of hours the device is being used

• Watt-hours per day = (125 watts)(3 hours)

• Watt-hours per day = (375)

Answer : 375 watt-hours per day

Solution:

• Watt-hours per day x 30 days = kWh per month

• 0.375 kWh per day x 30 days = 11.25 kWh per month

Answer: 11.25 kWh per month

4. FIGURING OUT THE COST

Next, pull out your last electric bill and see how much you pay per kWh…..

Formula:

kWh per month x payment for per kilowatt hour

To make our lives easier….

EXAMPLE:

Let’s just say you pay 10 cents per kilowatt hour…..

Solution:

• kWh per month x payment for per kilowatt hour

• 11.25 kWh per month x P 0.10 per kWh = P 1.13 per month

Answer : P 1.13 per month

POWERCOMPANIESIN THEPHILIPPINES

National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR)Electric Utility

Founded: November 3, 1936

A government-owned and controlled corporation that used to be the largest provider and generator of electricity in the Philippines.

National Transmission Corporation

It is an integral part of the Napocor.

It assumed all of Napocor's substation and transmission assets.

Top Power Players in the Philippines (PRIVATE)

30%

28%

25%

17%0%

San Miguel Corp. 22%

Aboitiz 20%

Lopez Group 18%

Global Power Corp. 12.3%

Other Players

SMC Global Power HoldingsLargest independent power generation companies in the country.

SMC Global Power Holdings

1000-MW Sual coal power plant

1,200-MW Ilijan power plant

345-MW San Roque power plant.

Aboitiz Power

Aboitiz Power

Davao Light and Power Company, Inc.

-Third largest privately owned electric

utility in the Philippines

LOPEZ GROUP

LOPEZ GROUPEDC (Energy Development Corporation)

- largest producer of geothermal energy in the Philippines and the second largest in the world.

Global Power Corp.

POWER DISTRIBUTORS

MERALCO(Manila Electrical Company)

Philippines' largest distributor of electrical power.

Holds the power distribution franchise for 22 cities and 89 municipalities, including the whole of the National Capital Region and Mega Manila.

VECO(Visayan Electric Company)

Second largest electric distribution utility in the Philippines.

Serves the cities of Cebu, Mandaue, Talisay and Naga and four municipalities - Liloan, Consolacion, Minglanilllaand San Fernando.

RATES:NAME

ElectricityPrice

Generation Charge

Transmission Charge

Distribution Charge

System Loss Charge

MERALCO 7.4176 3.9238 0.8361 1.0012 0.4173

VECO 10.8584 5.1413 0.4951 1.7506 0.9417

BOHECO I 8.9581 5.6134 0.6862 0.5782 0.4278

LEYECO II 8.0622 5.085 0.6232 0.2748 0.9668

CENECO 9.3484 6.0361 0.5979 0.2748 1.0399

CEBECO II 9.8731 5.1631 1.0828 0.5782 0.5951

TOP 5 HIGHEST ELECTRICITY PRICE

NAME Electricity PriceGeneration

ChargeTransmission

ChargeDistribution

ChargeSystem Loss

Charge

PANELCO 17.7595 4.1477 0.0606 0.5143 0.785

CELCO 14.933 6.0214 1.0242 1.2081 0.6816

LUBELCO 14.1551 6.472 0 2.3823 0.8442

ILPI 13.4881 4.6103 0.6109 0.3553 0.5102

CAPELCO 13.2241 7.7842 1.7238 0.5782 0.95

Electrical Saving TipsHOW TO LOWER MY ELECTRIC BILL?

Lighting

1. Consider task lighting at home instead of using ambient lighting.

2. Use LED bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs.

3. Encourage kids and even adults to turn off lights when not in use.Your P13.00 monthly savings per bulb can go a long way.

4. Invest in CFLs for home lighting. They’re more efficient.

CFLs last from 8-10 times longer, use about 75% less energy, and produce 90% less heat while delivering more light per Watt.

Cooling/Heating

1. Open windows to let the breeze cool your home.

2. Use your air conditioner in its lowest setting and open your fan to let the cool air circulate in your room.

Appliances

1. Unplug all appliances when not in use. Plug electronics into a power strip.

2. Issue a “low-battery” rule when charging mobile gadgets.

3. Use an electric stove to cook dishes faster.

Inductive cookers operate under electromagnetic induction, a process wherein 82% of the heat is directly transferred to the cooking vessel. This is in stark contrast with gas stoves which can waste up to 64% of heat during the cooking process.

4. Use ventilation fans wisely.

5. If you need to refrigerate food, let them cool first before putting them in the refrigerator. Cover liquids and wrap foods.

6. Ensure your refrigerator door is sealed tightly after each use.

7. Clean appliances after use. Defrost your freezer on a regular basis.

8. Give the desktop PC a rest. Forget about screensavers. Use sleep mode instead.

Going Out

1. Prep your party wardrobe ahead if you know your holiday party schedule.

2. As a rule of thumb, only iron clothes that are not made of wrinkle-resistant fabric like silk and polyester. Use fabric softener to soften your clothes to reduce the amount of time spent on ironing.

3. Iron in bulk or batch.

4. Plan outdoor activities instead of having a movie marathon at home.

Tips in Buying Appliances

1. Look for the Energy Star® label.

2. Use the Energy Guide Label.

3. Get the right size.4. Whenever possible choose appliances that run on natural gas rather than electricity.

5. Think long term.

RefrigeratorEnergy-Saving Purchasing Tips:

Refrigerators with freezers on top use 10 to 15 percent less energy than a side-by-side model of equivalent size.

Generally, the larger the refrigerator, the greater the energy consumption. But one large refrigerator will use less energy than two smaller ones with the same total volume or a smaller fridge plus a separate freezer.

Clothes WasherEnergy-Saving Purchasing Tips:

Choose the right size washer. A smaller washer may be more efficient for small households. But if you have a large family and have to do multiple loads in a washer that's too small for your needs, you could lose any possible energy savings.

Look for a washer with adjustable water levels. This gives you the option of using less water to wash small loads.

Choose a washer with a faster spin speed. This allows more water to be removed after the wash, reducing the drying time and your dryer's energy use.

Use a gas dryer rather than an electric dryer where possible.

DISHWASHER

Energy-Saving Purchasing Tips:

Choose a dishwasher with a "light wash" or "energy-saving" wash cycle. It uses less water and operates for a shorter period of time for dishes that are just slightly soiled.

Look for dishwashers that have an energy-saving cycle that allows dishes to be air-dried with circulation fans, rather than heat-dried with energy-wasting heating coils.

ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS

Energy-Saving Purchasing Tips:

Remember, the biggest unit isn't always the best choice, especially for small areas. A smaller unit running for a long period of time operates more efficiently and is more effective at decreasing humidity than a larger unit that goes on and off frequently.

If you're comparing several similar units, choose the one with the highest Energy Efficiency Ratio. You can find the EER on the unit or its packaging.

CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONERSEnergy-Saving Purchasing Tips:

Look for the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER). Old units typically have a SEER of 6 or 7. New standards went into effect in 2006, raising the minimum SEER for central air conditioners to 13. Energy Star models already meet the SEER 13 standard, and also perform more efficiently when it's hot.

For maximum efficiency on the hottest days, the air conditioner should have a thermal expansion valve (TVX), and the high temperature rating (EER) on your unit should be at least 11.6.

For optimal performance, buy a matched system of indoor unit, condenser and even thermostat.

Get a reliable contractor to make sure your new unit is the right size for your home, and have it professionally installed. Even the most efficient system can't make up for the energy loss due to improper sizing and poor installation.

Have your contractor make sure all your ducts are sealed and insulated. Duct tests require a fan and a pressure gauge -- they cannot be done by sight.

HOME ELECTRONICS

Energy-Saving Purchasing Tips:

Ink jet printers tend to be more energy-efficient than lasers.

LCD televisions and monitors draw less power than CRT or plasma screens.

Small lightweight power supplies tend to be more energy efficient than large, heavy transformer-based power supplies.

THAT’S ALL!THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!