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“Ek Ruka Hua Faisla”
1
Movie By :- Basu Chatterjee
CONTENTS
Introduction About Movie. Movie review.What is PerceptionFactors influencing perceptionAttribution theoryLink between perception & individual decision makingImproving creativity in decision makingDecision maker in various styleDifferent Behaviours.Making choices.Conclusion.
Ek Ruka Hua Faisla is a 1986 Hindi film, directed by Basu Chatterjee. It is a remake of the Golden Bear winning, American motion picture 12 Angry Men (1957), which was directed by Sidney Lumet.
1. Background : There is a 19 yrs old boy who has been alleged as murder of his father by the court .
2. Court Decision : A panel of 12 Juror appointed to decide that, the boy has actually murdered his father or not.
3. Clause in Court’s statement : Jurors have to make One Decision either murder or not-murderer. 4
INTRODUCTION
The Character
5
The knife; the tool used to murder the old man
Eye witness 1 – an old man who was the neighbor of the victim
Eye witness 2 – a lady who lives opposite to the victim’s house
Key evidences in the Murder Case
4 53 62
71
89101112Advertising Architect
ContractorLawyer
“Business Organisation”HEAD
Sales Marketing
Purchase
Service Parts
OperationsManufacturingHR Finance
R&D
SIS
4 53 62
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89101112Advertising Architect
ContractorLawyer
“JUROR”HEAD
Sales Marketing
Purchase
Service Parts
OperationsManufacturingHR Finance
R&D
SIS
JUROR
1. Different People 2. Different Background
3. Different Profession 4. Different Age Groups
5. Different Mindsets
Deepak Kejriwal
1 2 3 4
Pankaj Kapur S. M. Zaheer
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
Subhash Udghate Hemant Mishra M. K. Raina K. K. Raina
Annu Kapoor Subbiraj Shailendra Goel Aziz Qureshi 7
Amitabh Srivastava
JJUROP FOR CASE
WHAT IS PERCEPTION ? DEFINITIONS
STEPHEN ROBBINS
“ Perception is a process by which individual’s organise and interpret the sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.”
FRED LUTHANS
“Perception is an important mediating cognitive process through which persons make interpretations of the stimulus or situation they are forced with.”
Factors influencing perception
FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION
Perception is influenced by a variety of individuals and situational factors. Any perceptual event has three components
viz. – a perceiver, the person perceived and
the situational context in which the perception is occurring. Let’s explore
each of these under following headings :
1. Attributes of the person perceived2. Attributes of the perceiver and
3. Attributes of the situation.
ATTRIBUTES OF THE PERSON PERCEIVED
The first major influence on perception is of the target, that is the person perceived. In particular, the following attributes of target can be identified:
i) Physical appearanceii) Verbal and non verbal communicationiii) Statusiv) Occupationv) Personal characteristics
ATTRIBUTES OF THE PERCEIVER
Several attributes unique to our personalities can affect how we see others. These include the following :i) Self conceptii) Cognitive structureiii) Response salienceiv) Previous experiences
ATTRIBUTES OF THE SITUATION
Elements in the surrounding environment also influence perception process. Some of these are as follows :i) Social context ii) Organisational roleiii) Location of event
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
Describes how people explain the causes of behaviorFocuses on why people behave the way they doAttributions can be made about the self or another personBiases reduce the accuracy of attributions
TYPES OF ATTRIBUTIONS
CLASSIFICATION OF CAUSES
internal external
person object circumstances
ATTRIBUTION OF CAUSE Person : (The juror was guilty )
Object :(victim is guilty) Circumstances (circumstances made the behavior easy) Interaction between the factors
– Person-object (this juror towards this very victim)– Person-circumstances (this juror in these specific
circumstances)– Object-circumstances (this victim in these specific
circumstances)– Person-object-circumstances (this juror towards this very
victim in these specific circumstances)
ATTRIBUTION THEORY: JUDGING OTHERS
Our perception and judgment of others are significantly influenced by our assumptions of the other people’s internal states.
Internal causes are under that person’s control.
External causes are not – person forced to act in that way.
Causation judged through: Distinctiveness
Shows different behaviors in different situations.
ConsensusResponse is the same as others to same
situation.
ConsistencyResponds in the same way over time.
Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging
Others
Selective Perception– People selectively interpret what they see on
the basis of their interests, background, experience, and attitudes.
Halo Effect– Drawing a general impression about an
individual on the basis of a single characteristic
Contrast Effects– Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that
are affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics
Perceptions and Individual Decision Making
•Problem– A perceived discrepancy between the
current state of affairs and a desired state•Decisions
– Choices made from among alternatives developed from data
•Perception Linkage:– All elements of problem identification and
the decision making process are influenced by perception.
• Problems must be recognized• Data must be selected and evaluated
Individual Differences in Decision-Making
PersonalityConscientiousness may effect
escalation of commitmentAchievement strivers are likely to increase
commitmentDutiful people are less likely to have this
bias
Self-EsteemHigh self-esteem people are susceptible to
self-serving bias
Cause
Ethics in Decision Making
– Utilitarianism• Decisions made based solely on the outcome• Seeking the greatest good for the greatest number• Dominant method for businesspeople
– Rights• Decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and
privileges• Respecting and protecting basic rights of individuals
such as whistleblowers
– Justice• Imposing and enforcing rules fairly and impartially• Equitable distribution of benefits and costs
Improving Creativity in Decision Making
Creativity– The ability to produce novel and useful
ideas
– Those who score high in Openness to Experience
– People who are intelligent, independent, self-confident, risk-taking, have an internal locus-of-control, tolerant of ambiguity, low need for structure, and who persevere in the face of frustration
The Three-Component Model of Creativity
Proposition that individual creativity results from a mixture of three
components• Expertise (K. K. Raina )
-This is the foundation
• Creative-Thinking Skills – The personality characteristics
associated with creativity
• Intrinsic Task Motivation – The desire to do the job because of its
characteristics
DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR • ACTIVE:-A person active by nature always have the quality of initiating. we observe few active personalities, amongst one who was the initiator.Other active members supported the initiative taken by that individual.
• ACTIVE-CONSTRUCTIVE:-Active-Constructive people are those who are active in a constructive way.They are initiatives and ideas have a constructive thought in their mind.we see that after the initiative of one individual was supported by few active-constructive personalities.eg:- Mr. K.K Raina is the best example of active-constructive personality. He initiated the discussion and he had supportive ideas. His arguments were more logical, practical and more based on reasoning. In the entire decision making process he was very patient and calm. In the end he convinced all his committee members who were against, with his practical approach.
Mr. Anu Kapoor and Mr. S. M. Zaheer were also active-constructive by nature as they brought many strong points during the discussion.
DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR
• PASSIVE:-
Individuals with passive personalities are those who never take initiatives and are least bothered about the situation around them.
• PASSIVE-CONSTRUCTIVE:-
Individuals who are passive-constructive by nature does not take any initiative but when a suggestion is asked they have wide and constructive ideas to share.
In the movie we find Mr. Subhash Udgate, Mr. Shailendra Goyal, Mr. Amitabh Shrivastav and Mr. Hemant Mishra with this kind of personality. This individuals were not initiative takers but when they were asked to support the case, they had very unique ideas and with that they supported the decision making process in constructive way.
DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR• PASSIVE-DESTRUCTIVE:-
Individuals with this personality never take any initiative and even when asked for the suggestions they always have the destructive ideas. Never supportive in any situation.
Mr. M. K. Raina is the best suited example for this personality. He was least bother in the decision making of one individual’s life. His personal affairs were more important to him than the life of that boy. He didn’t show any active support in decision making. He was highly influenced by majority.
Mr. Azeez Kureshi is also had this kind of personality. Least concerned of the situation and enjoying personal leisure.
Summary and Managerial Implications
•Perception:– People act based on how they view their world– What exists is not as important as what is
believed– Managers must also manage perception
•Individual Decision Making– Most use bounded rationality: they satisfice– Combine traditional methods with intuition
and creativity for better decisions• Analyze the situation and adjust to culture and
organizational reward criteria• Be aware of, and minimize, biases
CONCULSION
Coming to the conclusion:-
We saw that a person with active constructive personalty is always a good leader. While we saw various other personalities and other management fundaments used in this movie.
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