Eighteenth-century popularizers of the seventeenth- century scientific revolution would have most...

• Eighteenth-century popularizers of the seventeenth-century scientific revolution would have most likely agreed with which of the following statements?

• (A) God intervenes actively in the universe’s operation.

• (B) Understanding the natural order is beyond human comprehension.

• (C) Humans are imperfect and wicked by nature.• (D) Underlying natural laws govern society.• (E) Respect for tradition ensures human progress.

• Eighteenth-century popularizers of the seventeenth-century scientific revolution would have most likely agreed with which of the following statements?

• (A) God intervenes actively in the universe’s operation.

• (B) Understanding the natural order is beyond human comprehension.

• (C) Humans are imperfect and wicked by nature.• (D) Underlying natural laws govern society.• (E) Respect for tradition ensures human progress.

• Surgeon barbers of the preindustrial period are generally associated with which of the following treatments for illness and disease?

• (A) Herbal medicines • (B) Exorcism• (C) “Touching” by the king • (D) Quarantine • (E) Bloodletting

• Surgeon barbers of the preindustrial period are generally associated with which of the following treatments for illness and disease?

• (A) Herbal medicines • (B) Exorcism• (C) “Touching” by the king • (D) Quarantine • (E) Bloodletting

• The English scientist William Harvey became known for his experiments that led him to write about

• Circulation of the blood• The discovery of capillaries• Accurate human anatomy• The digestive system• The respiratory system

• The English scientist William Harvey became known for his experiments that led him to write about

• Circulation of the blood• The discovery of capillaries• Accurate human anatomy• The digestive system• The respiratory system

• The seventeenth-century English scientist Willian Harvery discovered

• That alchemy was a false science• The elliptical orbit of the Earth around the sun• How blood circulates within the human body• The circumference of the Earth• The function of the liver

• The seventeenth-century English scientist Willian Harvery discovered

• That alchemy was a false science• The elliptical orbit of the Earth around the sun• How blood circulates within the human body• The circumference of the Earth• The function of the liver

• The scientific method may be defined as• Moving from the general to the specific• Moving from the specific to the general • Reading widely from the work of others• Inventing new instruments such as the

microscope• Being part of the new scientific academies

• The scientific method may be defined as• Moving from the general to the specific• Moving from the specific to the general • Reading widely from the work of others• Inventing new instruments such as the

microscope• Being part of the new scientific academies

• Which of the following is true of the Copernican model of the cosmos

• The planets orbit the Sun in uniform circular orbits• The planets orbit he Earth in elliptical orbits with

the Sun as one focus of the ellipse• The universe is infinite• The planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits with

the Earth as one focus of the ellipse• The moon orbits the Sun, not the Earth

• Which of the following is true of the Copernican model of the cosmos

• The planets orbit the Sun in uniform circular orbits• The planets orbit he Earth in elliptical orbits with

the Sun as one focus of the ellipse• The universe is infinite• The planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits with

the Earth as one focus of the ellipse• The moon orbits the Sun, not the Earth

• Galileo’s discovery of crater on the surface of the moon damaged the traditional view of the cosmos because it

• Demonstrated that the moon was not made of perfect matter

• Demonstrated the power of the telescope• Contradicted the notion that the Earth was at the

center of the cosmos• Called into question the perfection of God’s creative

power• All of the above

• Galileo’s discovery of crater on the surface of the moon damaged the traditional view of the cosmos because it

• Demonstrated that the moon was not made of perfect matter

• Demonstrated the power of the telescope• Contradicted the notion that the Earth was at the

center of the cosmos• Called into question the perfection of God’s creative

power• All of the above

• After the publication of Newton’s Principia Matematica in 1687,

• Mathematics became the “queen of the sciences”• People spoke of a universe instead of a cosmos• It was known that Jupiter had four moons• It was understood that the cosmos was geocentric• Newton was condemned by the Catholic Church

• After the publication of Newton’s Principia Matematica in 1687,

• Mathematics became the “queen of the sciences”• People spoke of a universe instead of a cosmos• It was known that Jupiter had four moons• It was understood that the cosmos was geocentric• Newton was condemned by the Catholic Church

• The publication, in 1632, of the Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World resulted in Galileo being called before the Inquisition because

• it described the Copernican system• it blatantly ridiculed the Aristotlian system in the

vernacular Italian• it denied the existence of God• it was a Protestant text• it claimed that the Copernican system was actually

true

• The publication, in 1632, of the Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World resulted in Galileo being called before the Inquisition because

• it described the Copernican system• it blatantly ridiculed the Aristotlian system in the

vernacular Italian• it denied the existence of God• it was a Protestant text• it claimed that the Copernican system was actually

true

• . The theory which came to be known as Copernicanism

• Argued that each piece of matter in the universe was attracted to every other particle of matter by a universally operating force

• Promoted a geocentric model of the cosmos• Declared that all matter was made up of four

elements• Promoted a heliocentric of the cosmos• e. Argued that the universe was infinite

• . The theory which came to be known as Copernicanism

• Argued that each piece of matter in the universe was attracted to every other particle of matter by a universally operating force

• Promoted a geocentric model of the cosmos• Declared that all matter was made up of four

elements• Promoted a heliocentric of the cosmos• e. Argued that the universe was infinite

• Tycho Brahe’s biggest ontribution to astonomy was his

• Observatory on the coast of Denmark • Telescope that he built• 20 years of records ddocumenting naked eye

observations• Mathematical formulas• e.Correspondence with Galileo

• Tycho Brahe’s biggest ontribution to astonomy was his

• Observatory on the coast of Denmark • Telescope that he built• 20 years of records ddocumenting naked eye

observations• Mathematical formulas• e.Correspondence with Galileo

• The biggest contribution of Johannes Kepler was• The heliocentric theory of the universe• Mathematical formulas for the elliptical orbits

of planets• The theory of gravity• His data from 20 years of astronomical

observations• e.The invention of the telescope

• The biggest contribution of Johannes Kepler was• The heliocentric theory of the universe• Mathematical formulas for the elliptical orbits

of planets• The theory of gravity• His data from 20 years of astronomical

observations• e.The invention of the telescope

• Isaac Newton is best described as working in • Aristotelian tradition• Scholastic tradition• Hermetic tradition• The Platonic-Pythagorean tradition• e.The Copernican tradition

• Isaac Newton is best described as working in • Aristotelian tradition• Scholastic tradition• Hermetic tradition• The Platonic-Pythagorean tradition• e.The Copernican tradition

• The model of the universe which resulted from the scientific work of Galileo and Newton embraced

• (A) Aristotelian philosophy• (B) a belief in an ascending “chain of being”• (C) a conception of a spiritually animate universe• (D) the belief in the fixed, central position of the

Earth• (E) the science of mechanics

• The model of the universe which resulted from the scientific work of Galileo and Newton embraced

• (A) Aristotelian philosophy• (B) a belief in an ascending “chain of being”• (C) a conception of a spiritually animate universe• (D) the belief in the fixed, central position of the

Earth• (E) the science of mechanics

• The individual who first provided mathematical formulas supporting the Copernican theory and explaining planetary motion was

• (A) Galileo Galilei• (B) Isaac Newton• (C) Tycho Brahe• (D) René Descartes• (E) Johannes Kepler

• The individual who first provided mathematical formulas supporting the Copernican theory and explaining planetary motion was

• (A) Galileo Galilei• (B) Isaac Newton• (C) Tycho Brahe• (D) René Descartes• (E) Johannes Kepler

• Galileo believed that all aspects of nature could be described in terms of

• The relationship to human morality• Spiritual harmonies• Mathematical relationships• The motion of atoms• Their relation to celestial vibrations

• Galileo believed that all aspects of nature could be described in terms of

• The relationship to human morality• Spiritual harmonies• Mathematical relationships• The motion of atoms• Their relation to celestial vibrations

• Which of the following is true of the scientific revolution ?

• It was not a complex movement and had few false starts

• It was not rapid • It amounted a rejection of Christianity • It involved a large collective of people that numbered

in the thousands• Everything associated with the revolution was new

and groundbreaking

• Which of the following is true of the scientific revolution ?

• It was not a complex movement and had few false starts

• It was not rapid • It amounted a rejection of Christianity • It involved a large collective of people that numbered

in the thousands• Everything associated with the revolution was new

and groundbreaking

• The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by

• Kepler• Newton • Copernicus• Galileo• Brahe

• The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by

• Kepler• Newton • Copernicus• Galileo• Brahe

• During the 16th century, the discoveries that most capured the public imagination were made in

• Biology• Natural history• Astronomy • Medicine• Chemistry

• During the 16th century, the discoveries that most capured the public imagination were made in

• Biology• Natural history• Astronomy • Medicine• Chemistry

• He published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth centered universe

• Galileo Galilei• Isaac Newton• Nicolaus Copernicus• Tycho Brahe• Johannes Kepler

• He published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth centered universe

• Galileo Galilei• Isaac Newton• Nicolaus Copernicus• Tycho Brahe• Johannes Kepler

• In the early 16th century, the standard explanation of the place on earth in the heavens combined the work of

• Plato and Aristotle• Socrates and Plato• Brahe and Kepler• Ptolemy and Aristotle• Aquinas and Bacon

• In the early 16th century, the standard explanation of the place on earth in the heavens combined the work of

• Plato and Aristotle• Socrates and Plato• Brahe and Kepler• Ptolemy and Aristotle• Aquinas and Bacon

• Which of the following was Tycho Brahe’s major contribution to science?

• He produced a vast body of astronomical data from which his successors could work

• His ground breaking scientific research in which he suggested that Mercury and Venus revolved around the sun

• He proved that the moon and other planets revolved around the earth

• He proved that the planets had elliptical orbits• He proved Copernicus’ research as incorrect and published

his own geocentrism findings

• Which of the following was Tycho Brahe’s major contribution to science?

• He produced a vast body of astronomical data from which his successors could work

• His ground breaking scientific research in which he suggested that Mercury and Venus revolved around the sun

• He proved that the moon and other planets revolved around the earth

• He proved that the planets had elliptical orbits• He proved Copernicus’ research as incorrect and published

his own geocentrism findings

• Which of the following is true of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more that two centuries

• Isaac Newton • Nicolaus Copernicus• Johannes Kepler• Galileo Galilei• Tycho Brahe

• Which of the following is true of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more that two centuries

• Isaac Newton • Nicolaus Copernicus• Johannes Kepler• Galileo Galilei• Tycho Brahe

• Newton was a mathematical genius, but before he upheld a theory he thought it should be

• It reconciled with Aristotle• Tested to see if it was what he actually observed• Approved by the Church of England• Reconciled with rationalism • Agreed upon by other mathematicians of the time

• Newton was a mathematical genius, but before he upheld a theory he thought it should be

• It reconciled with Aristotle• Tested to see if it was what he actually observed• Approved by the Church of England• Reconciled with rationalism • Agreed upon by other mathematicians of the time

• And New Philosophy calls all in doubt,The element of Fire is quite put out;The Sun is lost, and th' Earth, and no man's witCan well direct him where to look for it.

These verses by John Donne (1573-1631) refer to the scientific work of

• a. Harvey• b. Leeuwenhoek• c. Copernicus• d. Paracelsus• e. Ptolemy

• And New Philosophy calls all in doubt,The element of Fire is quite put out;The Sun is lost, and th' Earth, and no man's witCan well direct him where to look for it.

These verses by John Donne (1573-1631) refer to the scientific work of

• a. Harvey• b. Leeuwenhoek• c. Copernicus• d. Paracelsus• e. Ptolemy

• 18th century populizers of the 17th scientific revolution would have most likely agreed with which of the following statements

• a. God intervenes activiely in the universe’s operation• b. understanding the natural order is beyond human

comprehension• c. humans are imperfect and wicked by nature• d. underlying natural laws govern society • e. respect for tradition ensures human progress

• 18th century populizers of the 17th scientific revolution would have most likely agreed with which of the following statements

• a. God intervenes activiely in the universe’s operation• b. understanding the natural order is beyond human

comprehension• c. humans are imperfect and wicked by nature• d. underlying natural laws govern society • e. respect for tradition ensures human progress

• Johannes Kepler improved on Copernicus’ theories by• a. introducing the concept of heliocentricism• b. demonstrated the laws of gravitational attraction• c. intitially questioning the theory of crystalline

spheres• d. demonstrating that planets have elliptical orbits• e. charting the epicycles of the planets•

• Johannes Kepler improved on Copernicus’ theories by• a. introducing the concept of heliocentricism• b. demonstrated the laws of gravitational attraction• c. intitially questioning the theory of crystalline

spheres• d. demonstrating that planets have elliptical orbits• e. charting the epicycles of the planets•

• The great scientific discoveries of the 16th and 17th centuries led European scholars to believe that

• a. everything in nature and society operated in ways similar to those of a living organism

• b. the universe was orderly and operated according to fixed rules

• c. religious tradition formed the basis for all scientific truths and assumptions

• d. the experimental method was an unreliable vehicle for scientific inquiry

• e. only that which could be seen and examined was real

• The great scientific discoveries of the 16th and 17th centuries led European scholars to believe that

• a. everything in nature and society operated in ways similar to those of a living organism

• b. the universe was orderly and operated according to fixed rules

• c. religious tradition formed the basis for all scientific truths and assumptions

• d. the experimental method was an unreliable vehicle for scientific inquiry

• e. only that which could be seen and examined was real

• The individual who first provided mathematical formulas supporting the Copernican theory and explaining planetary motion was

• a. Galileo Galilei• b. Isaac Newton • c. Tycho Brahe • d. Rene Descartes• e. Johannes Kepler

• The individual who first provided mathematical formulas supporting the Copernican theory and explaining planetary motion was

• a. Galileo Galilei• b. Isaac Newton • c. Tycho Brahe • d. Rene Descartes• e. Johannes Kepler

• As a result of the scientific theories developed through the 16th and 17th centuries, Europeans developed a conception of the universe

• a. as governed by natural laws• b. as geocentric• c. as guided in every physical realm by a

personal God• d. as chaotic, reflective of chance• e. as Aristotlian in make up

• As a result of the scientific theories developed through the 16th and 17th centuries, Europeans developed a conception of the universe

• a. as governed by natural laws• b. as geocentric• c. as guided in every physical realm by a

personal God• d. as chaotic, reflective of chance• e. as Aristotlian in make up

• Which revolution cause the greatest change in the world view and in the evolution of Western Society?

• a. The French Revolution • b. The Russian Revolution • c. the American Revolution• d. the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century• e. the Price Revolution of the 16th century

• Which revolution cause the greatest change in the world view and in the evolution of Western Society?

• a. The French Revolution • b. The Russian Revolution • c. the American Revolution• d. the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century• e. the Price Revolution of the 16th century

• He said he had seen further that other because he had stood on the shoulder of giants when explaining how he revolutionized the way humans viewed the universe in 1687.

• a. Kepler• b. Newton• c. Galileo• d. Tycho Brahe• e. Bacon

• He said he had seen further that other because he had stood on the shoulder of giants when explaining how he revolutionized the way humans viewed the universe in 1687.

• a. Kepler• b. Newton• c. Galileo• d. Tycho Brahe• e. Bacon

• Which of the following is the best example of the method described by Descartes in his Discourse on Method?(1637)

• True reality exists in the world of pure forms• “I think, therefore I am”• A telescope reveals craters and mountains on the moon,

therefore, matter in the celestial realm cannot be perfect• The orbits of the planets can be calculated using calculus• “Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other

particle with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the product of their masses”

• Which of the following is the best example of the method described by Descartes in his Discourse on Method?(1637)

• True reality exists in the world of pure forms• “I think, therefore I am”• A telescope reveals craters and mountains on the moon,

therefore, matter in the celestial realm cannot be perfect• The orbits of the planets can be calculated using calculus• “Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other

particle with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the product of their masses”

• In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes became an advocate for which of the following types of government

• Absolute monarchy • Parliamentary government• Divine-right monarchy• Constitutional monarchy• Democracy

• In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes became an advocate for which of the following types of government

• Absolute monarchy • Parliamentary government• Divine-right monarchy• Constitutional monarchy• Democracy

• Which of the following would be advocated by a follower of Descrates

• There are four elements in the terrestrial realm• All true knowledge is derived from observation• Seeing is believing• One should always proceed from a clear and

distinct idea• Telescope observations should be the basis of

knowledge of the heavans

• Which of the following would be advocated by a follower of Descrates

• There are four elements in the terrestrial realm• All true knowledge is derived from observation• Seeing is believing• One should always proceed from a clear and

distinct idea• Telescope observations should be the basis of

knowledge of the heavans

• “His enthusiasm for scientific method, his belief that everything could be reduced to mathemati cal terms, and his insistence on systematic doubt of all earlier theories left a profound mark on the thinking of scientists in the next two centuries.

• • The passage above is a description of the work of• (A) Francis Bacon• (B) Tycho Brahe• (C) Isaac Newton • (D) Renê Descartes• (E) Baruch Spinoza

• “His enthusiasm for scientific method, his belief that everything could be reduced to mathemati cal terms, and his insistence on systematic doubt of all earlier theories left a profound mark on the thinking of scientists in the next two centuries.

• • The passage above is a description of the work of• (A) Francis Bacon• (B) Tycho Brahe• (C) Isaac Newton • (D) Renê Descartes• (E) Baruch Spinoza

• John Locke based his Two Treatises on Government primarily on which of the following views of human nature?

• (A) People are basically rational and learn from practical experience.

• (B) People are weak and sinful and need the guid ance of organized religion.

• (C) People are fallible and need guidance from the cumulative wisdom of tradition.

• (D) People are inherently quarrelsome and should never be encouraged to revolt against state authority.

• (E) People are born with all knowledge, and learn ing is the process of remembering that innate knowledge

• John Locke based his Two Treatises on Government primarily on which of the following views of human nature?

• (A) People are basically rational and learn from practical experience.

• (B) People are weak and sinful and need the guid ance of organized religion.

• (C) People are fallible and need guidance from the cumulative wisdom of tradition.

• (D) People are inherently quarrelsome and should never be encouraged to revolt against state authority.

• (E) People are born with all knowledge, and learn ing is the process of remembering that innate knowledge

• . “Man, being the servant and interpreter of Nature, can do and understand so much . . . as he has observed.. . . Beyond this he neither knows any thing nor can do anything.”

• The passage above was written by• • (A) Francis Bacon• (B) Martin Luther• (C) René Descartes• (D) Georg Hegel• (E) Friedrich Nietzsche

• . “Man, being the servant and interpreter of Nature, can do and understand so much . . . as he has observed.. . . Beyond this he neither knows any thing nor can do anything.”

• The passage above was written by• • (A) Francis Bacon• (B) Martin Luther• (C) René Descartes• (D) Georg Hegel• (E) Friedrich Nietzsche

• Many proponents of mechanism believed • Machines could do the work of humans• Humans are machines whose purpose is to

produce knowledge• Human beings were machines, slaves to religion• Mechanism and Christianity could not be

reconciled• The world can be explained in mechanical

metaphors

• Many proponents of mechanism believed • Machines could do the work of humans• Humans are machines whose purpose is to

produce knowledge• Human beings were machines, slaves to religion• Mechanism and Christianity could not be

reconciled• The world can be explained in mechanical

metaphors

• Francis Bacon believed that• Knowledge of nature was primarily useful for what it

told us about the divine• The best era of human history lay in antiquity • Nature was too complicated to be understood through

human experiment• The study of nature began with the articulation of

general principles• Knowledge of nature should be used to improve the

human condition

• Francis Bacon believed that• Knowledge of nature was primarily useful for what it

told us about the divine• The best era of human history lay in antiquity • Nature was too complicated to be understood through

human experiment• The study of nature began with the articulation of

general principles• Knowledge of nature should be used to improve the

human condition

• Although he invented analytic geometry, his most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deduction –reasoning from general principal to arrive at specific facts

• Galileo• Rene Descartes• Isaac Newtom • Johannes Kepler• Francis Bacon

• Although he invented analytic geometry, his most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deduction –reasoning from general principal to arrive at specific facts

• Galileo• Rene Descartes• Isaac Newtom • Johannes Kepler• Francis Bacon

• Descartes divided existing things into two categories, body and

• God• Modality • Metaphor• Being • Mind

• Descartes divided existing things into two categories, body and

• God• Modality • Metaphor• Being • Mind

• According to Hobbes, human beings escape the terrible state of nature by

• Abolishing monarchy• Agreeing to live by the golden rule• Naturally being sociable• Embracing Christianity • Becoming selfless and obeying others

• According to Hobbes, human beings escape the terrible state of nature by

• Abolishing monarchy• Agreeing to live by the golden rule• Naturally being sociable• Embracing Christianity • Becoming selfless and obeying others

• Hobbes saw human beings as• Lower that the lowest animals• Naturally docile• Self-centered , power-hungry creatures• Basically just• Basically good

• Hobbes saw human beings as• Lower that the lowest animals• Naturally docile• Self-centered , power-hungry creatures• Basically just• Basically good

• In Locke’s view, the relationship between rulers and the governed had as it foundation

• Trust • Divine will• Military power• Injustice• Economic inequality

• In Locke’s view, the relationship between rulers and the governed had as it foundation

• Trust • Divine will• Military power• Injustice• Economic inequality

• Which of the following is NOT true of the expansion of new and natural knowledge?

• Its followers saw themselves as defenders of the modern against the ancients

• It opposed Scholasticism• It opposed Aristotlianism• It criticized universities• The state played a role in the expansion of

natural knowledge

• Which of the following is NOT true of the expansion of new and natural knowledge?

• Its followers saw themselves as defenders of the modern against the ancients

• It opposed Scholasticism• It opposed Aristotlianism• It criticized universities• The state played a role in the expansion of

natural knowledge

• . Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on

• the experiences of past civilizations • experimentation and observation • emotions and feelings • the teachings of the Catholic Church

• . Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on

• the experiences of past civilizations • experimentation and observation • emotions and feelings • the teachings of the Catholic Church

• Which of the following individuals became known as the father of the scientific method

• a. Descartes • b. Francis Bacon• c. Robert Boyle• d. John Locke• e. Rochard Hooker

• Which of the following individuals became known as the father of the scientific method

• a. Descartes • b. Francis Bacon• c. Robert Boyle• d. John Locke• e. Rochard Hooker

• All of the following are true of women during the scientific revolution EXCEPT

• Women associated with the artisan crafts usually achieved gender freedom to pursue the new sciences than did noblewomen

• The majority of universities excluded women• The majority of monasteries excluded women• Noblewomen usually achieved greater freedom to pursue the

new sciences than did women associated with that artisan crafts• Women were largely excluded from participation in the new

science

• All of the following are true of women during the scientific revolution EXCEPT

• Women associated with the artisan crafts usually achieved gender freedom to pursue the new sciences than did noblewomen

• The majority of universities excluded women• The majority of monasteries excluded women• Noblewomen usually achieved greater freedom to pursue the

new sciences than did women associated with that artisan crafts• Women were largely excluded from participation in the new

science

• Maria Winkelman made her contribution in the field of

• Astonomy • Natural history • Biology• Medicine• Chemistry

• Maria Winkelman made her contribution in the field of

• Astonomy • Natural history • Biology• Medicine• Chemistry

• The Catholic Church admitted that errors had occurred in the 1633 trial of Galileo in

• 1680• 1887• 1755• 1992• The Catholic Church has never admitted such

errors existed

• The Catholic Church admitted that errors had occurred in the 1633 trial of Galileo in

• 1680• 1887• 1755• 1992• The Catholic Church has never admitted such

errors existed

• Galileo was found guilty of heresy and con demned by the Inquisition on the grounds that he:

• (A) left the Roman Catholic Church and became a Protestant

• (B) used his telescope to explore the heavens • (C) actively supported the Gallican cause in France

against papal supremacy• (D) publicly advocated Copernicus' heliocentric

system• (E) discovered the law of universal gravitation

• Galileo was found guilty of heresy and con demned by the Inquisition on the grounds that he:

• (A) left the Roman Catholic Church and became a Protestant

• (B) used his telescope to explore the heavens • (C) actively supported the Gallican cause in France

against papal supremacy• (D) publicly advocated Copernicus' heliocentric

system• (E) discovered the law of universal gravitation

• Which of the following is NOT true of Pascal?• He believed that a loving God exists• He was a Jesuit• He saw human beings as corrupt• He believed that reason could not resolve all

religious issues• He allied himself with the Jansenists

• Which of the following is NOT true of Pascal?• He believed that a loving God exists• He was a Jesuit• He saw human beings as corrupt• He believed that reason could not resolve all

religious issues• He allied himself with the Jansenists

• According to Pascal’s famous wager• Salvation was a matter of pure chance• Only one person in a hundred would be saved • It is best to live life to the fullest, regardless of your

religious beliefs, and if God does exist, seek forgiveness near the end of your life

• It is best to believe that God does not exist, you will be joyful rather than disappointed

• It is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain the lot: if God should prove not to exist , comparatively little will be lost

• According to Pascal’s famous wager• Salvation was a matter of pure chance• Only one person in a hundred would be saved • It is best to live life to the fullest, regardless of your

religious beliefs, and if God does exist, seek forgiveness near the end of your life

• It is best to believe that God does not exist, you will be joyful rather than disappointed

• It is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain the lot: if God should prove not to exist , comparatively little will be lost

• How many people were sentenced to death for witchcraft or harmful magic between 1400 and 1700

• 25,000 to 35,000• 1.5 to 2 million• 2,000 to 3,000• 500,000 to 600,000• 70,000 to 100,000

• How many people were sentenced to death for witchcraft or harmful magic between 1400 and 1700

• 25,000 to 35,000• 1.5 to 2 million• 2,000 to 3,000• 500,000 to 600,000• 70,000 to 100,000

• What was the percentage of people accused of witchcraft in the early modern period were women?

• 30 • 100• 80• 10 • 50

• What was the percentage of people accused of witchcraft in the early modern period were women?

• 30 • 100• 80• 10 • 50

• Based upon your knowledge of the text, which of the following is the most plausible cause of the with hunts?

• Witches were primarily women and since women bore children that were causing an economic and scientific panic, they were to blame

• Large numbers of men and women were actually engaged in witchcraft• The corrupt government needed a distracter from the bad publicity and

since the same women that were suspected witches were spreading the news of corrupting, politicians saw witch hunts as an answer to both their problems

• Religious split and warfare threatened the security of society and the witches were the scapegoats of a social panic

• The droughts causing famine, especially in Ireland, led to the death of many, and since the witches claimed to control the weather they were to blame

• Based upon your knowledge of the text, which of the following is the most plausible cause of the with hunts?

• Witches were primarily women and since women bore children that were causing an economic and scientific panic, they were to blame

• Large numbers of men and women were actually engaged in witchcraft• The corrupt government needed a distracter from the bad publicity and

since the same women that were suspected witches were spreading the news of corrupting, politicians saw witch hunts as an answer to both their problems

• Religious split and warfare threatened the security of society and the witches were the scapegoats of a social panic

• The droughts causing famine, especially in Ireland, led to the death of many, and since the witches claimed to control the weather they were to blame

• Which of the following groups was not a common target of the witch hunts?

• Widows• Midwives• Poor women• Female orphans• Noble women

• Which of the following groups was not a common target of the witch hunts?

• Widows• Midwives• Poor women• Female orphans• Noble women

• The witch hunts ended because, among other things

• The power of words seemed greater than Gutenberg

• They threatened social order• Witchcraft had been stamped out• No judges were left• Protestants were more preoccupied with the

devil

• The witch hunts ended because, among other things

• The power of words seemed greater than Gutenberg

• They threatened social order• Witchcraft had been stamped out• No judges were left• Protestants were more preoccupied with the

devil

• According to the excerpt “Why More Women that Men are Witches”, which of the following is NOT true?

• Women are spiritually pure, and thus a tempting target for the devil

• Women are more likely to seek revenge and retribution than men

• Women are more credulous and able to be corrupted by the devil

• Women have a slippery tongues and are unable to conceal the evil arts they know

• Women are more “carnal” that men since they were made from a bent rib

• According to the excerpt “Why More Women that Men are Witches”, which of the following is NOT true?

• Women are spiritually pure, and thus a tempting target for the devil

• Women are more likely to seek revenge and retribution than men

• Women are more credulous and able to be corrupted by the devil

• Women have a slippery tongues and are unable to conceal the evil arts they know

• Women are more “carnal” that men since they were made from a bent rib

• In the 16th century, midwivery was a trade often pursued by

• Noble women• Elderly or widowed women• Merchant’s wives• Male doctors• Male barber

• In the 16th century, midwivery was a trade often pursued by

• Noble women• Elderly or widowed women• Merchant’s wives• Male doctors• Male barber

• Baroque art first emerged in • Florence, Italy• Amsterdam, Holland• Buckingham Palace, London, England• Papal Rome• Paris, France

• Baroque art first emerged in • Florence, Italy• Amsterdam, Holland• Buckingham Palace, London, England• Papal Rome• Paris, France

• Charles I’s employment of Rubens illustrated to the people of England that

• He had Roman Catholic sympathies• The natural depiction on Rubens’ art opposed a

monarchial government• Baroque art demonstrated religious truths• He was aware of the latest fashions• Galileo was incorrect and should be condemned

• Charles I’s employment of Rubens illustrated to the people of England that

• He had Roman Catholic sympathies• The natural depiction on Rubens’ art opposed a

monarchial government• Baroque art demonstrated religious truths• He was aware of the latest fashions• Galileo was incorrect and should be condemned

• The most elaborate baroque monument to political absolutism was

• Charles I’s palace in London• Franz Joseph’s palace in Vienna• Louis XIV’s palace at Versailles• Pope Urban VIII’s tabernacle in Rome• e. George I’s palace in London

• The most elaborate baroque monument to political absolutism was

• Charles I’s palace in London• Franz Joseph’s palace in Vienna• Louis XIV’s palace at Versailles• Pope Urban VIII’s tabernacle in Rome• e. George I’s palace in London

• By the late 17th century, witch craft trials and executions had declined in Western Europe in part because of

• a. popular uprisings and peasants resistance against persecution

• b. growing feminist protest against persecution• c. official church rejection of the concept of witches• d. increased number of women practicing midwifery• e. decreased number of women practicing midwifery

• By the late 17th century, witch craft trials and executions had declined in Western Europe in part because of

• a. popular uprisings and peasants resistance against persecution

• b. growing feminist protest against persecution• c. official church rejection of the concept of witches• d. increased number of women practicing midwifery• e. decreased number of women practicing midwifery

• During the great witch craft persecutions of the 16th and 17th centuries, those most often tried as witches were

• a. young girls• b. young boys• c. older women• d. members of the clergy• e. members of the aristocracy

• During the great witch craft persecutions of the 16th and 17th centuries, those most often tried as witches were

• a. young girls• b. young boys• c. older women• d. members of the clergy• e. members of the aristocracy

• The majority of victims of the European witch craze were

• a. Protestants• b. children• c. women• d. Catholics• e. men

• The majority of victims of the European witch craze were

• a. Protestants• b. children• c. women• d. Catholics• e. men