View
216
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
EDSP 6560EDSP 6560Sessions 5 & 6Sessions 5 & 6
Communication and Communication and Literacy Development Literacy Development Birth to Five Years Old Birth to Five Years Old
Infants: Basic DevelopmentInfants: Basic Development
Rosemary Kerrin, Ph.D.
ObjectivesObjectivesThe students will be able to – • Describe the role of structure and function
in early language, including reflexes• Compare the theories of Piaget, Vygotsky,
and Skinner relative to language development
• Identify the linguistic aspects of early language development
• Explain the role of social interaction theory in early language development
• Integrate theoretical perspectives of early language development
OverviewOverviewPhysical Factors
PsychologicalPerspective
Social-InteractionPerspective
LinguisticPerspective
PiagetVygotskySkinner
Gross/Fine
Oral
Neuro
Attachment
Interaction
Phonology
Semantics
Pragmatics
Physical Development – Physical Development – Gross MotorGross Motor
• Birth
• 6 wks +
• Over 1st year
• whole body movements (startle/Moro)
• differentiated body movements (ATNR)
• head control • upper body • pull to sitting• pull to standing
Gross motor development allows child to experience/
explore environment
Fine Motor - InfantsFine Motor - Infants
• primitive grasp
• ulnar grasp
• tripod grasp
• pincer grasp
Oral MotorOral Motor• rooting
• suck & swallow
• bite reflex
• chewing
Early reflexes designed to obtain food; as motor patterns repeat and nervous system matures, child develops control. Mouth serves as exploratory organ: all items go in mouth – EXPLORE!
Baby BrainsBaby Brains
• Organ that is least developed• Approx one billion brain cells• Processes of myelination and
pruning• Factors which affect brain
growth: nutrition, stimulation, touch, activity
• Brain Quiz, Zero to Three
Cognitive Development • per Piaget
– sensorimotor period– concepts/ precursors of language
•object permanence•causality (means-end)• imitation•symbolic function
VygotskyVygotsky
• sensory integration• pre-language period
– concept formation– situational understanding– situational jargon patterns
• Language integrated as vehicle of thought
SkinnerSkinner
• primitive reflexes
• setting events– deprivation states (eg, hunger) – discriminative stimuli (smell of
mother = comfort, food, warmth, etc)
• consequences– reinforcers– punishment
Social Development in Infants
• Attachment – undiscriminating social response
– differential smiling & vocalization
– seeks out proximity and contact with attachment figure
Social Development • Interaction
– initial regulation– reciprocal exchange– initiative– focalization
When viewing this link, note the physical movements of the babies, eye contact, attention, imitation, and sounds produced.
MothereseMotherese• Adults change their manner of speaking
when talking to babies:– closer proximity when infant attending– higher pitch– greater pitch fluctuations– slower rate– more & longer pauses– shorter in length– simpler construction– produced more fluently & clearly– based on smaller, restricted set of words– frequently nouns for concrete objects– refer to objects or events in here-and-now
Linguistics - FormLinguistics - Form• Phonology
– discrimination skills• mother’s voice• minimal pairs
– vegetative sounds– cooing– babbling
• marginal babbling• reduplicated• unreduplicated
– jargon
• Syntax & Morphology - Ǿ
At birth, baby recognizes mother’s voice; able to discriminate between speech sounds (pah-mah). Sounds increase in range and complexity. NOTE: Children with autism or delayed speech often do not babble. Children who are deaf babble normally and stop at 6 months.
Linguistics – Linguistics – Content & UseContent & Use
• Semantics– sound patterns represent concepts
• Pragmatics– perlocutionary (interpretation/response
of communicative partner)– locutionary (communicative action)– illocutionary (idea/intention)
Why might Why might you you see this baby? see this baby? Risk FactorsRisk Factors
Organic Often diagnosed at
birth or soon after Includes structural
anomalies, genetic syndromes
Prematurity, low birth weight
Newborn hearing screening
Environmental• Nutritional
deficiencies• Neglect• Limited resources for
child needs
RULE OF THUMB: The earlier a problem is apparent, the more severe it will be.
Assessment ConsiderationsAssessment Considerations– Assessment & intervention
considerations• Setting• Personnel• Methods
– Observation– Neurological Development
Recommended