Ecosystem Services and Climate Change - BC3 Research · Ecosystem Services and Climate Change. 3...

Miren Onaindia, Ibone Amezaga, Gloria Rodríguez-Loinaz, LorenaPeña

Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko UnibertsitateaUniversity of the Basque Country

Ecosystem Services and ClimateChange

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index

Ecosystem ServicesAim of the project

Mapping Ecosystem ServicesIndicatorsImpacts

Measures for adaptation

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EcosystemServices

•Keeping processes

from

Species Conservation andProtected Areas

to Ecosystem ServicesProtecting processes

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Examples of ecosystem services

Ecosystem Services

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Sustaining Ecosystem Services for HumanWell–being

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Aim of the project

1- Mapping services

2- Evolution of indicators of Services

3- Impacts of climate Change onservices

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1- Mapping Services

Aim of the project

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

BiodiversityHydrological cycleStock of CarbonPrimary production

ENVIRONMENTAL UNITS

Land use (17 units)LithologySlopeClimate

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methodologyMappingServices

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Qualitative evaluation of services

Suporting Regulating Cultural

Biodiversity C Stock

(biomasa/soil)

Leisure Rate of

Growth

Marshland

vegetation 2 3 2 1

Coastal sand 2 1 2 1

Coastal cliffs 2 1 2 1

Reeed beds 1 2 2 1

Grassland 4 2 (0/2) 3 1

Bracken 2 2 (0/2) 2 1

Scrub 3 3 (1/2) 2 1

Riparian forests 4 4 (2/2) 3 4

Cantabrian ever-

green

forest

4 3 (1/2) 4 1

Broad-leaf forests

(old) 4 4 (2/2) 4 1

Broad-leaf forests

(young) 4 2 (1/1) 3 3

Broad-leaf

plantations

(old)

3 4 (2/2) 3 2

Broad-leaf

plantations

(young)

1 2 (1/1) 2 3

Eucapyltus sp.

plantations 1 3 (1/2) 1 4

Coniferous

plantation (old) 2 4 (2/2) 2 2

Coniferous

plantation (young)

1 2 (1/1) 1 4

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Evaluation of

hidrological cycle

regulation

Karst areas

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Natural forests and broad-leaf

plantations

3

Coniferous and Eucaliptus sp.

plantations, and shrubs 2

Mountainous

(over 150 m)

Grassland 1

Valley areas (under 150 m) 1

Hidrological cycle

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Urdaibai

Biodiversity Hydrological cycle

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overlapping of hotspots

Biodiversity Stock of carbon

Urkiola

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Overlaping of Ecosystem Services (%)

Urdaibai Urkiola

Biodiversity Rate of

growth

Biodiversity Rate of

growth

Biodiversity 3 %

5 %

Hydrological

cicle

70 % 6 % 44 % 5 %

Stock of C

13 % 2 % 26 % 2 %

Rate of

growth

3 % 5 %

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Carbon sequestration(t/ha/year)

Stock of carbon

- Rate of erosion (t/ha/year;%)

Regulation of soil anutrients

- Land cover- Rate of rain variationbetween years-Water storage in soil- Periodicity of floods- Periodicity of storms

Regulation of hydrologicalcycle

2- Evolution ofIndicators

Aim of the project

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3- ImpactsAim of the project

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Impacts of climate change on Ecosystem Services

Net harmful impact on ecosystem servicesThe balance of scientific evidence suggests that there will be asignificant net harmful impact on ecosystem services worldwideif global mean surface temperature increases more than 2o Cabove preindustrial levels (medium certainty).

Potential impactsBy the end of the century, climate change and its impacts maybe the dominant direct driver of biodiversity loss and changes inecosystem services globally

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- increasing frequency and severity of floodingevents (aggravated by deforestation ofwatersheds, canalisation of rivers)

- degradation and fragmentation of habitats(aggravated by conversion from forest toagriculture and intensification of productionsystems)

• widespread loss of soil fertility

Decline of ecosystem services

Global change

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Measures foradaptation Scenario IPCC

-Decrease 15-20% total precipitation

- Seasonal distribution:-Increase in winter-Decrease in summer

- Heavy rain

- Heat waves

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Measures for adaptationAdaptative land

management

Lea

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When ecosystem services are taken into account,the net present value of natural and sustainablymanaged ecosystems is frequently higher than thatof converted and intensively managed systems

The value of the Natural Capital

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MILLENIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENTFollow-up

ESKERRIK ASKO