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Miren Onaindia, Ibone Amezaga, Gloria Rodríguez-Loinaz, LorenaPeña
Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko UnibertsitateaUniversity of the Basque Country
Ecosystem Services and ClimateChange
3
index
Ecosystem ServicesAim of the project
Mapping Ecosystem ServicesIndicatorsImpacts
Measures for adaptation
4
EcosystemServices
•Keeping processes
from
Species Conservation andProtected Areas
to Ecosystem ServicesProtecting processes
5
Examples of ecosystem services
Ecosystem Services
6
7
Sustaining Ecosystem Services for HumanWell–being
8
Aim of the project
1- Mapping services
2- Evolution of indicators of Services
3- Impacts of climate Change onservices
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1- Mapping Services
Aim of the project
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
BiodiversityHydrological cycleStock of CarbonPrimary production
ENVIRONMENTAL UNITS
Land use (17 units)LithologySlopeClimate
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methodologyMappingServices
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Qualitative evaluation of services
Suporting Regulating Cultural
Biodiversity C Stock
(biomasa/soil)
Leisure Rate of
Growth
Marshland
vegetation 2 3 2 1
Coastal sand 2 1 2 1
Coastal cliffs 2 1 2 1
Reeed beds 1 2 2 1
Grassland 4 2 (0/2) 3 1
Bracken 2 2 (0/2) 2 1
Scrub 3 3 (1/2) 2 1
Riparian forests 4 4 (2/2) 3 4
Cantabrian ever-
green
forest
4 3 (1/2) 4 1
Broad-leaf forests
(old) 4 4 (2/2) 4 1
Broad-leaf forests
(young) 4 2 (1/1) 3 3
Broad-leaf
plantations
(old)
3 4 (2/2) 3 2
Broad-leaf
plantations
(young)
1 2 (1/1) 2 3
Eucapyltus sp.
plantations 1 3 (1/2) 1 4
Coniferous
plantation (old) 2 4 (2/2) 2 2
Coniferous
plantation (young)
1 2 (1/1) 1 4
12
Evaluation of
hidrological cycle
regulation
Karst areas
4
Natural forests and broad-leaf
plantations
3
Coniferous and Eucaliptus sp.
plantations, and shrubs 2
Mountainous
(over 150 m)
Grassland 1
Valley areas (under 150 m) 1
Hidrological cycle
13
Urdaibai
Biodiversity Hydrological cycle
14
overlapping of hotspots
Biodiversity Stock of carbon
Urkiola
15
Overlaping of Ecosystem Services (%)
Urdaibai Urkiola
Biodiversity Rate of
growth
Biodiversity Rate of
growth
Biodiversity 3 %
5 %
Hydrological
cicle
70 % 6 % 44 % 5 %
Stock of C
13 % 2 % 26 % 2 %
Rate of
growth
3 % 5 %
16
Carbon sequestration(t/ha/year)
Stock of carbon
- Rate of erosion (t/ha/year;%)
Regulation of soil anutrients
- Land cover- Rate of rain variationbetween years-Water storage in soil- Periodicity of floods- Periodicity of storms
Regulation of hydrologicalcycle
2- Evolution ofIndicators
Aim of the project
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3- ImpactsAim of the project
18
Impacts of climate change on Ecosystem Services
Net harmful impact on ecosystem servicesThe balance of scientific evidence suggests that there will be asignificant net harmful impact on ecosystem services worldwideif global mean surface temperature increases more than 2o Cabove preindustrial levels (medium certainty).
Potential impactsBy the end of the century, climate change and its impacts maybe the dominant direct driver of biodiversity loss and changes inecosystem services globally
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- increasing frequency and severity of floodingevents (aggravated by deforestation ofwatersheds, canalisation of rivers)
- degradation and fragmentation of habitats(aggravated by conversion from forest toagriculture and intensification of productionsystems)
• widespread loss of soil fertility
Decline of ecosystem services
Global change
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Measures foradaptation Scenario IPCC
-Decrease 15-20% total precipitation
- Seasonal distribution:-Increase in winter-Decrease in summer
- Heavy rain
- Heat waves
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Measures for adaptationAdaptative land
management
Lea
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When ecosystem services are taken into account,the net present value of natural and sustainablymanaged ecosystems is frequently higher than thatof converted and intensively managed systems
The value of the Natural Capital
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MILLENIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENTFollow-up
ESKERRIK ASKO