E0 192.168.3.1 LAN - 192.168.3.0/24 BANGLORE OFFICE E0 192.168.1.1 LAN - 192.168.1.0/24 HYDERABAD...

E0 192.168.3.1

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

BANGLORE OFFICE

E0 192.168.1.1

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

HYDERABAD OFFICEE0 192.168.2.1

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

CHENNAI OFFICE

HYD

CHE

BAN

Frame Relay Stack

OSI Reference Model Frame Relay

Physical

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Application

EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, EIA/TIA-530

Frame Relay

IP/IPX/AppleTalk, etc.

• Frame Relay is a data link layer

packet-switching protocol that uses digital circuits.

• It is used for medium to longer distances and for

longer connectivity.

• Leased lines also provide longer connectivity but a

physical circuit is used to make connection between

2 sites and the same circuit path is used always.

Frame Relay

Frame Relay topologies

Full Mesh

Partial Mesh Hub & Spoke

• VCs overcome the scalability problems of leased lines by providing multiple logical circuits over the same physical connection.

• Only one serial interface of a router is needed to handle the VC connections to multiple sites Whereas using leased lines multiple serial interfaces are needed to connect to multiple sites.

• VCs provide full connectivity at a much lower price compared to leased lines.

• Frame Relay connections use logical circuits to make

connections between 2 sites. These logical circuits are

referred to as Virtual Circuits (VCs).

• Multiple VCs can exist on the same physical connection.

• VCs are Full duplex

Advantages of Frame Relay

• Sub-interfaces

• Uses Shared bandwidth

• Local Management interface(LMI):

– used between the Frame relay DTE(eg.Router) and the

Frame Relay DCE(eg. Frame Relay switch)

– Defines how the DTE interacts with the DCE

– Locally significant

– Provides VCs status information(a keep-alive

mechanism)

– LMI standards : Cisco, ANSI, Q933a

The DTE and DCE must have the same LMI signaling type

Frame Relay Terminology

• Data Link Connection Identifier(DLCI) :

– used to identify each VC on a physical interface

(i.e.) Each VC has a unique local address called a DLCI

number.

– switch will map to the destination depending on

the DLCI number

– Inverse ARP is used to map DLCIs to next hop

addresses.

– Mapping can also be done manually.

– Its Locally significant.

– These numbers are given by the Frame relay

service providers, Service providers assign DLCIs in

the range of 16 to 1007.

Frame Relay Terminology

Status Enquiry

Status Enquiry

Local DLCI 100 = Active Local DLCI 400 = Active

Hello, I am 172.168.2.1

Hello, I am 172.168.2.2

FRAME RELAY MAP

172.168.2.2 DLCI 400 ACTIVE

FRAME RELAY MAP

172.168.2.1 DLCI 100 ACTIVE

Hello, I am 172.168.2.1

Keep Alive Keep Alive

DLCI 100 DLCI 400

LMI and inverse ARP

• Virtual circuits are of two types:

– Permanent Virtual Circuits – PVCs

– Switched Virtual Circuits –SVCs

• Permanent Virtual Circuit :

– similar to a dedicated leased line , permanent connection.

– used when constant data is being generated.

• Switched Virtual Circuit :

– also called as Semi-permanent virtual circuit

– similar to a circuit switched connection where the VC is dynamically built and then torn down once the data has been sent.

– used when data has to be sent in small amounts and at periodic intervals.

Frame Relay Terminology

• Committed Information Rate(CIR) :

– Average data rate measured over a fixed period

of time that the carrier guarantees for a VC.

– committed bandwidth

• Burst Rate(BR) :

– Average data rate provider guarantees for a VC.

– Excess bandwidth

Frame Relay Terminology

Frame Relay Traffic Flow Terminology (Cont.)

• FECN and BECN :

– Forward Explicit Congestion Notification

– Backward Explicit Congestion Notification

• When congestion occurs switch marks the FECN

and BECN bits in the frame header.

• FECN is sent to the destination

• BECN is sent to the source

• Thereby notifying both source and destination

about the congestion.

• FECN = 0 and BECN =0 implies no congestion.

Frame Relay Terminology

Frame-Relay - Network Diagram

E0 192.168.1.1/24

HYD

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

E0 192.168.2.1/24

CHE

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

E0 192.168.3.1/24

BAN

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

10.0.0.1/8S0

S111.0.0.2/8

DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200

FRAME-RELAYSWICH

S110.0.0.2/8

11.0.0.1/8S0

HYD CHE BAN

Frame-Relay - Network Diagram

E0 192.168.1.1/24

HYD

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

E0 192.168.2.1/24

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

E0 192.168.3.1/24

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

10.0.0.1/8S0

S110.0.0.2/8

DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200

FRAME-RELAYSWICH

HYD CHE BAN

• Manual MappingRouter(config)#interface <int-type> <int-no>Router(config-if)#frame-relay map ip <next hop ip

address> <local DLCI No> broadcast

• Sub-interface configuration

Router(config)#interface <int-type> <int-no>.<sub-int no>

frame-relay interface-dlci 100Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#

telnet 192.168.1.1

================================Welcome to Hyderabad Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

interface serial 0ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation frame-relayframe-relay lmi-type cisco

Hyderabad>password :Hyderabad#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Hyderabad(config)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....

exitHyderabad(config)#

Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>

Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>

frame-relay interface-dlci 200Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#

================================Welcome to Banglore Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation frame-relayframe-relay lmi-type cisco

Banglore>password :Banglore#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Banglore(config)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....

telnet 192.168.3.1

interface serial 1

exitBanglore(config)#

Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>

Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci no>

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

================================Welcome to Chennai Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

no ip addressno shutencapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000

Chennai>password :Chennai#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Chennai(config)#

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....

Chennai(config-if)#

telnet 192.168.2.1

interface serial 1

frame-relay lmi-type ciscoframe-relay intf-type dceframe-relay route 100 interface serial 0 200

Chennai(config)#frame-relay switching

Configuring Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#no ip addressRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate> Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>

interface <int type> <int. no> <Destination dlci no>

Configuring Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#no ip addressRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate> Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>

interface <int type> <int. no> <Destination dlci no>

Converting Router to Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#frame-relay switching

Converting Router to Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#frame-relay switching

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

no ip addressno shutencapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

Chennai(config-if)#

interface serial 0

frame-relay lmi-type ciscoframe-relay intf-type dceframe-relay route 200 interface serial 1 100

Chennai(config)#

Chennai(config-if)#

Configuring Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#no ip addressRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate> Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>

interface <int type> <int. no> <Destination dlci no>

Configuring Frame-relay Switch Router(config)#interface serial <no>Router(config-if)#no ip addressRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate> Router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type <lmi type>Router(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)#frame-relay route <Source dlci no>

interface <int type> <int. no> <Destination dlci no>

show frame-relay pvcHyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0 out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60 pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20

Hyderabad#

PVC STATUS = ACTIVE

Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are

fine.

PVC STATUS = ACTIVE

Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are

fine.

show frame-relay pvcHyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = INACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0 out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60 pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20

Hyderabad#

PVC STATUS = INACTIVE

Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with

Remote LMI

PVC STATUS = INACTIVE

Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with

Remote LMI

show frame-relay pvcHyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = DELETED,INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0 out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60 pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20

Hyderabad#

PVC STATUS = DELETED

Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with

Local LMI

PVC STATUS = DELETED

Implies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with

Local LMI

show frame-relay pvcBanglore#PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1 input pkts 8 output pkts 7 in bytes 570 out bytes 586 dropped pkts 2 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 7 out bcast bytes 586 pvc create time 00:12:26, last time pvc status changed 00:02:06Banglore#

show frame-relay pvcChennai#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DCE)DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0 input pkts 0 output pkts 0 in bytes 0 out bytes 0 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0 pvc create time 00:02:07, last time pvc status changed 00:00:56 Num Pkts Switched 0

PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DCE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial1 input pkts 4 output pkts 3 in bytes 186 out bytes 202 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0 pvc create time 00:02:21, last time pvc status changed 00:01:04 Num Pkts Switched 4Chennai#

show frame-relay mapHyderabad#Serial0 (up): ip 10.0.0.2, dlci 100(0x64,0x1840), dynamic, broadcast, status defined, activeHyderabad#

show frame-relay mapBanglore#Serial1 (up): ip 10.0.0.1, dlci 200(0xC8,0x3080), dynamic, broadcast, status defined, activeBanglore#

show frame-relay routeChennai#Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci StatusSerial0 200 Serial1 100 activeSerial1 100 Serial0 200 activeChennai#

Hyderabad(config)#router rip

Hyderabad(config-router)#

Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0

no ip routingHyderabad(config)#

Hyderabad(config)#ip routing

show ip routeHyderabad#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODRGateway of last resort is not setC 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:25, Serial0Hyderabad#

^ZConfiguring RIP

Router(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

ping 192.168.3.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msHyderabad#

!!!!!

Banglore(config)#router rip

Banglore(config-router)#

Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0Banglore(config-router)#

no ip routingBanglore(config)#

Banglore(config)#ip routing

show ip routeBanglore#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODRGateway of last resort is not setC 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:04, Serial1C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0Banglore#

^Znetwork 10.0.0.0

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network <Network ID>

ping 192.168.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msBanglore#

!!!!!