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Dynamic Spectrum Management. July 2002. John M. Cioffi Prof. EE, Stanford U. Cioffi@stanford.edu And all the work by students: Taek Chung, George Ginis, Jeannie Fang, Jungwon Lee, Dimitris Toumpakaris, & Wei Yu. Copper has more bw than fiber?. fiber. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
1 DSMDSM
Dynamic Spectrum ManagementDynamic Spectrum Management
John M. CioffiJohn M. CioffiProf. EE, Stanford U.Prof. EE, Stanford U.
Cioffi@stanford.eduCioffi@stanford.edu
And all the work by students:And all the work by students:
Taek Chung, George Ginis, Jeannie Taek Chung, George Ginis, Jeannie Fang, Jungwon Lee, Dimitris Fang, Jungwon Lee, Dimitris
Toumpakaris, & Wei YuToumpakaris, & Wei Yu
July 2002July 2002
2 DSMDSM
Copper has more bw than fiber?Copper has more bw than fiber?
DSL will deliver 100 Mbps symmetric to allDSL will deliver 100 Mbps symmetric to all 50 line bundle (500 meters of cat 3 tp)50 line bundle (500 meters of cat 3 tp)
50 lines (100 Mbps/line) = 5 Gbps 50 lines (100 Mbps/line) = 5 Gbps FTTH shares 622 Mbps among 50 or more homes in FTTH shares 622 Mbps among 50 or more homes in
PON architecture (even “future” systems are 2.5 Gbps)PON architecture (even “future” systems are 2.5 Gbps) So, where is DSL today?So, where is DSL today?
Where is DSL going?Where is DSL going?
fiberfiber
Cable of copper pairCable of copper pair
3 DSMDSM
DSL 200DSL 200XX- (V/M/ADSL)- (V/M/ADSL)
Data , Voice , Video …Data , Voice , Video …
802.11 wireless (802.11,15) orwireless (802.11,15) orother distribution possibleother distribution possiblewithin CPE, 11, 55,within CPE, 11, 55,100-500 Mbps100-500 Mbps
VoDSLInterface
10/100 Mbps10/100 Mbps
A/VDSLA/VDSLCloserCloserDSLAMDSLAMONU/RTONU/RT
FiberFiber(from CO)(from CO)
Enet
1000BT1000BT
routerrouter
Enet.
IEEE 802.X
4 DSMDSM
DSM=Dynamic Spectrum ManagementDSM=Dynamic Spectrum Management
Standard in progress – USA (ANSI / T1E1.4)Standard in progress – USA (ANSI / T1E1.4) Dynamic – loops, xtalk, rates veryDynamic – loops, xtalk, rates very
Not limited by worst-case static situationsNot limited by worst-case static situations Extension to existing Spec ManagementExtension to existing Spec Management
T1.417-2002T1.417-2002 Improve considerably reliability and performanceImprove considerably reliability and performance Cannot have spectrum compatibility at higher speeds without DSMCannot have spectrum compatibility at higher speeds without DSM
Crosstalk effect is too strong for static regulationCrosstalk effect is too strong for static regulation THIS IS A CRUCIAL turning point for DSLTHIS IS A CRUCIAL turning point for DSL
Goals: 100 Mbps symmetric everywhereGoals: 100 Mbps symmetric everywhere & Improve the range of every rate < 100 Mbps& Improve the range of every rate < 100 Mbps
SM (static)SM (static) VDSLVDSL10MDSL10MDSL
ADSL+ADSL+ 100MDSL100MDSL
VDSL-2VDSL-2
DSMDSMHDSL / ADSLHDSL / ADSL
20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003
……
““EFM”EFM”
5 DSMDSM
OutlineOutline
Crosstalk and ManagementCrosstalk and Management Autonomous (de-regulated) DSLAutonomous (de-regulated) DSL Bonded/Vectored DSLBonded/Vectored DSL
6 DSMDSM
DSL’s Challenge: CrosstalkDSL’s Challenge: Crosstalk
Same service provider Same service provider Different service providerDifferent service provider Management?Management?
Spectrum – fixed or staticSpectrum – fixed or static Ok, but performance and reliability severely Ok, but performance and reliability severely
compromisedcompromised
Symmetric versus asymmetricSymmetric versus asymmetric
PhonePhoneCo=BaseCo=Base(DSLAM)(DSLAM)
useruser
useruserNEXTNEXT
FEXTFEXT
7 DSMDSM
Some CrosstalkSome Crosstalk
105
106
107
108
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Freq (MHz)
cros
stal
k co
uplin
g (d
B)
NEXT - BellcoreNEXT - Bellcore(attenuation)(attenuation)
FEXT Plots
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10000 100000 1000000 10000000
Frequency (Hz)
Lev
el (
dB
) FEXT 1
FEXT 2
FEXT 3
FEXT 4
FEXT – British FEXT – British TelecomTelecom(gain)(gain)
Xtalk noise increases with frequencyXtalk noise increases with frequency
8 DSMDSM
Loop TopologyLoop Topology
Many other configurationsMany other configurations symmetric/asymmetric mixturessymmetric/asymmetric mixtures Data rate mixturesData rate mixtures Shorter linesShorter lines Bonding of linesBonding of lines
CO DSLsCO DSLs
CPECPE DSL DSL
CPECPE DSL DSL
CO DSLCO DSL CPECPE DSL DSL
LT DSLLT DSLCPECPE DSL DSL
9 DSMDSM
ADSL DMT Loading BasicsADSL DMT Loading Basics(adapts to each line)(adapts to each line)
FrequencyFrequency
FrequencyFrequency
AttenAtten
TWISTED-PAIRTWISTED-PAIR
Bits/chanBits/chan
FrequencyFrequency
Bits/chanBits/chan
FrequencyFrequency
FrequencyFrequency
AttenAtten
TWISTED-PAIR with TAP, AM/RF, and XTALKTWISTED-PAIR with TAP, AM/RF, and XTALK
AMAM
xtalkxtalk
Bits/chanBits/chan
FrequencyFrequency
Bits/chanBits/chan
800 Million phone lines and growing fast!800 Million phone lines and growing fast!
Bellcore tests, 1993 (ANSI Standard)Bellcore tests, 1993 (ANSI Standard)GTE tests, 1996 ; NSTL, 1996GTE tests, 1996 ; NSTL, 1996
10 DSMDSM
Evolution of Crosstalk / managementEvolution of Crosstalk / management
timetime
Network
CentralOfficePresent DSL 2002:Present DSL 2002:
autonomousautonomous(no coordination)(no coordination)
SMC for provisioning,SMC for provisioning,Fault isolationFault isolation
1-20 Mbps1-20 Mbps(asymmetric/(asymmetric/symmetric)symmetric)
SMC1
SMC2
CLECDSLAM
ILECDSLAM 1
ILECDSLAM 2
bbiinnddeerr
Network
CentralOfficeContent 1
Content 2 ILEC LTSwitch
router
FiberOr multi-channelDSL
twisted
pair
DSLAM
20-100 Mbps20-100 Mbps(symmetric)(symmetric)
SMC
Evolving DSL 2002+:Evolving DSL 2002+:BondingBonding
VectoringVectoringCommon DSLAMCommon DSLAM
(LT or RT)(LT or RT)
bbiinnddeerr
11 DSMDSM
OutlineOutline Crosstalk and ManagementCrosstalk and Management Autonomous (de-regulated) DSLAutonomous (de-regulated) DSL Bonded/Vectored DSLBonded/Vectored DSL
Network
CentralOfficePresent DSL 2002:Present DSL 2002:
autonomousautonomous(no coordination)(no coordination)
SMC for provisioning,SMC for provisioning,Fault isolationFault isolation
1-20 Mbps1-20 Mbps(asymmetric/(asymmetric/symmetric)symmetric)
SMC1
SMC2
CLECDSLAM
ILECDSLAM 1
ILECDSLAM 2
bbiinnddeerr
12 DSMDSM
Model: Autonomous CaseModel: Autonomous Case
Crosstalk between users is “matrix channel”Crosstalk between users is “matrix channel” ““Interference channel” in information theoryInterference channel” in information theory
Can users be compatible without large loss? (SSM – Can users be compatible without large loss? (SSM – no, DSM - yes)no, DSM - yes)
......
SharedSharedbinderbinderHH(f)(f)
DSL 1DSL 1
DSL KDSL K
DSL 2DSL 2
DSL KDSL K
DSL 1DSL 1
DSL 2DSL 2
13 DSMDSM
DSM Multi-user Rate REGIONSDSM Multi-user Rate REGIONS
Plot of all possible rates of usersPlot of all possible rates of users ADSL & some VDSL use DSM – any point is possibleADSL & some VDSL use DSM – any point is possible
More than 2 users (vector of possible rate-tuples)More than 2 users (vector of possible rate-tuples) Region’s size (volume) can vary with:Region’s size (volume) can vary with:
each bindereach binder transmission methods (i.e., DMT has much larger regions)transmission methods (i.e., DMT has much larger regions)
RRlonglong
RRshortshort
SpectralSpectral pair 1pair 1
Spectral pair 2Spectral pair 2
14 DSMDSM
ANSI DSM ADSL “Blueprint” ExampleANSI DSM ADSL “Blueprint” Example(T1E1.4/2001- 273, 278)(T1E1.4/2001- 273, 278)
ADSLADSLCOCO
ADSLADSLrcvrrcvr
10 + X kft
ADSLADSLRTRT
10 kft
Line 1
Line 25 kft
CO
Same binder FEXT
CLASSIC field problem with ADSL present-day deploymentsCLASSIC field problem with ADSL present-day deployments Long-line often does not work and field personal have to be dispatchedLong-line often does not work and field personal have to be dispatched
Improve the performance of line 1 AUTONOMOUSLY (no coordination) using DSM-mode in ADSL modemsImprove the performance of line 1 AUTONOMOUSLY (no coordination) using DSM-mode in ADSL modems Eliminate problem automaticallyEliminate problem automatically Greatly extend ADSL rangeGreatly extend ADSL range
ADSLADSLrcvrrcvrfiber
15 DSMDSM
InitialInitialShort-line spectra,Short-line spectra,Long-line turns onLong-line turns on
DSM ADSL basic spectrum result
Short-line spectraShort-line spectra
LongLongLineLine
spectraspectra f
Downstream Spectra (2 lines)
Short line yields to long No “DSL hogging”
Enormous improvement on long line At expense of reduced rate on short line
Do so autonomously
IntermediateIntermediateShort-line spectra,Short-line spectra,
IntermediateIntermediateShort-line spectra,Short-line spectra,
16 DSMDSM
Verizon Experimental Loop ConfigurationVerizon Experimental Loop Configuration(T1E1.4/2002-069 – “Bell Atlantic” Test Lab, Maryland)(T1E1.4/2002-069 – “Bell Atlantic” Test Lab, Maryland)
Mainframe
Cable Vault
Remote Side
Mainframe
Cable Vault
CO side Remote Side
Pair 1 of 14 kft, 24
gauge25-pair binder
Pair 16 of 6 kft, 26 gauge
25-pair binder
(Simulates RT portion
of loop)CO side
ATU-C ATU-R
Verizon Broadband Integration LabVerizon Broadband Integration Lab
Simulation of CO-ADSL fed throughRT binder with RT-ADSL
ATU-C ATU-R
Pair 17 of 6 kft, 26 gauge
25-pair binder
(Simulates RT-ADSL
loop)Remote Side
CO ADSLCO ADSL RT ADSLRT ADSL
14 kft14 kft
6 kft6 kft
17 DSMDSM
Crosstalk into pair 17Crosstalk into pair 17
Pair Noise (dB) Pair Noise Pair Noise (dB) Pair Noise (dB)(dB)1 -82.5 13 -84.41 -82.5 13 -84.42 -78.1 14 -80.72 -78.1 14 -80.73 -74.9 15 -77.73 -74.9 15 -77.74 -82.3 4 -82.3 16 -63.216 -63.25 -83.0 18 -67.75 -83.0 18 -67.76 -84.2 19 -67.56 -84.2 19 -67.57 -78.0 20 -76.97 -78.0 20 -76.98 -81.0 21 -80.88 -81.0 21 -80.89 -75.3 22 -78.79 -75.3 22 -78.710 -73.3 23 -78.010 -73.3 23 -78.011 -79.6 24 -73.411 -79.6 24 -73.412 -82.7 25 -80.712 -82.7 25 -80.7
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
Frequency (kHz)
Co
uplin
g F
unct
ion(
dB
)
Crosstalk Coupling Functions
H12
H21
Used worst-case FEXT coupling pairs for experimentUsed worst-case FEXT coupling pairs for experiment
18 DSMDSM
DSM-ADSL Rate Region (Verizon loops)DSM-ADSL Rate Region (Verizon loops)
Rate-Adaptive produces (9,.1) Rate-Adaptive produces (9,.1) Mode used by Verizon nominally in labMode used by Verizon nominally in lab
Instead, DSM-mode provides (Short, Long) = Instead, DSM-mode provides (Short, Long) = (2, 1.8), (4, 1.4), (6, .9) , and (8, .6) (2, 1.8), (4, 1.4), (6, .9) , and (8, .6)
19 DSMDSM
Telcordia (Bellcore) Results “Blueprint” TestTelcordia (Bellcore) Results “Blueprint” Test(T1E1.4/2002-063)(T1E1.4/2002-063)
ADSLCO
ADSLrcvr
15 kft
ADSLRT
10 kft (fiber) ADSLrcvr
Line 1
Line 2
ADSLRT
10 kft (fiber) ADSLrcvr
5 kft
15 kft
CO
Same binder FEXT
Line 3
Improve the performance of lines 1 and 3 (which is bad under RA Improve the performance of lines 1 and 3 (which is bad under RA operation)operation)
Line 1 only operates at 300 kbps in “normal” modeLine 1 only operates at 300 kbps in “normal” mode
ADSLADSLCOCO
ADSLADSLrcvrrcvr
ADSLADSLRTRT
ADSLADSLrcvrrcvr
ADSLADSLrcvrrcvr
ADSLADSLRTRT
20 DSMDSM
Telcordia DSM-ADSL Rate RegionsTelcordia DSM-ADSL Rate Regionst1e1.4/2002-063t1e1.4/2002-063
lines 1 & 3 (2 held at 1.6 Mbps)lines 1 & 3 (2 held at 1.6 Mbps) lines 1 & 2 (3 removed) – 063R1lines 1 & 2 (3 removed) – 063R1
No coordination (line 2 held at 6 dB margin, 1.6 MbpsNo coordination (line 2 held at 6 dB margin, 1.6 Mbps 4x improvement on Line 1 (was at 300 kbps if line 2 does 4x improvement on Line 1 (was at 300 kbps if line 2 does
RA or margin-max training) – like “Verizon” expt.RA or margin-max training) – like “Verizon” expt. 4x because 15kft, not 20 kft like Verizon4x because 15kft, not 20 kft like Verizon
21 DSMDSM
DSM Algorithm (Iterative-Water-filling)DSM Algorithm (Iterative-Water-filling)
NSR(f)NSR(f)
S(f)S(f)
Water-filling is known optimum on single-user channelWater-filling is known optimum on single-user channel Use DMT, and MINIMIZE POWER for given rate/marginUse DMT, and MINIMIZE POWER for given rate/margin
Best autonomous solution to “interference problem” in binderBest autonomous solution to “interference problem” in binder The more lines that do DSM, the better they all workThe more lines that do DSM, the better they all work
NEVER any worse than existing fixed/static Spectrum ManagementNEVER any worse than existing fixed/static Spectrum Management AUTONOMOUS – no coorination necessary, procedure assures overall best mutual spectra (least AUTONOMOUS – no coorination necessary, procedure assures overall best mutual spectra (least
harmful xtalk) of all DSLS in distributed fashionharmful xtalk) of all DSLS in distributed fashion
22 DSMDSM
3-steps to Broadband DSL3-steps to Broadband DSL
DSMDSM ADSL -Software option in current ADSL modemsADSL -Software option in current ADSL modems ADSL+ & 10M-DSL (DMT only) – iterative wfADSL+ & 10M-DSL (DMT only) – iterative wf 100M-DSL (DMT only) 100M-DSL (DMT only)
ADSL toADSL toD: 7 MbpsD: 7 MbpsU: .3 MbpsU: .3 Mbps1 line1 line0-6 km0-6 km
AMDSL toAMDSL toD: 25 MbpsD: 25 MbpsU: 10 MbpsU: 10 Mbps1-2 lines CO/LT1-2 lines CO/LT0-4 km0-4 km
BDSL toBDSL toD: 100 MbpsD: 100 MbpsU: 100 MbpsU: 100 Mbps1-4 lines/LT1-4 lines/LT0-2 km0-2 km
……20022002 20032003 20042004
Dynamic Spectrum ManagementDynamic Spectrum Management
23 DSMDSM
10MDSL (EFM) Range/Rate Goals [1]10MDSL (EFM) Range/Rate Goals [1]
raterate lineslines Per linePer line LengthLength
(kft)(kft)
GoalGoal
(kft)(kft)
10 M10 M 11 1010 2.52.5 >3.5>3.5
10M10M 22 55 3.53.5 >4.5>4.5
10M10M 33 3.333.33 55 >6>6
10M10M 44 2.52.5 77 >8>8
10M10M 55 22 88 >9>9
4M4M 44 11 1212 >12>12
2M2M 44 .5.5 1515 >15>15
24 DSMDSM
25 10MDSLs in same binder (same length)25 10MDSLs in same binder (same length)
No coordination No coordination 10 Mbps single-line range is 2.5x SSM result (SHDSL)10 Mbps single-line range is 2.5x SSM result (SHDSL) 10 Mbps >1.5 km on 2 lines10 Mbps >1.5 km on 2 lines
VerifiedVerifiedByBy
TelcordiaTelcordia
VerifiedVerifiedByBy
VoyanVoyan
25 DSMDSM
Example PSD for 4000’Example PSD for 4000’
Overlap (EC) to 800 kHzOverlap (EC) to 800 kHz Each has 3 basic bandsEach has 3 basic bands
26 DSMDSM
MDSL with ADSL presentMDSL with ADSL present
Range of ADSL and of MDSL Range of ADSL and of MDSL unaffected if DSM is usedunaffected if DSM is used Not true for Static SM (or SHDSL)Not true for Static SM (or SHDSL)
27 DSMDSM
ADSL at CO, MDSL at RT ADSL at CO, MDSL at RT
Cabinet is 10 kft from CO – last 2 to 6 kft in same binderCabinet is 10 kft from CO – last 2 to 6 kft in same binder ADSL at CO “swamped” by 64 PAMADSL at CO “swamped” by 64 PAM ADSL at CO largely unaffected by IWADSL at CO largely unaffected by IW
M MA A
Fiber, 10 kftFiber, 10 kft Copper, 4 kftCopper, 4 kft
Copper, L kftCopper, L kft12, 14, 1612, 14, 16
28 DSMDSM
VDSL vs MDSL rate regionsVDSL vs MDSL rate regions
Fixed is 998 on V and 1 MHz on MFixed is 998 on V and 1 MHz on M Still exceeds all targets of M and VStill exceeds all targets of M and V
29 DSMDSM
Table Revisted (extra column)Table Revisted (extra column)
Allows mixture of ADSL with MDSL, and VDSL with MDSLAllows mixture of ADSL with MDSL, and VDSL with MDSL Rate regions do reduce in size for VDSLRate regions do reduce in size for VDSL
But all VDSL and MDSL goals still exceededBut all VDSL and MDSL goals still exceeded
Table 2 – Augmentation of Table 1 with IW resultsTable 2 – Augmentation of Table 1 with IW results
Aggregate bit Aggregate bit rate (sym rate (sym payload)payload)
# of # of twisted twisted pairspairs
Average bit rate Average bit rate per pairper pair
Objective Objective loop lengthloop length
Desired Desired loop loop lengthlength
DSM DSM ResultResult
10 Mb/s10 Mb/s 11 10 Mb/s10 Mb/s 2.5 kft2.5 kft >3.5 kft>3.5 kft 5 kft5 kft
10 Mb/s10 Mb/s 22 5 Mb/s5 Mb/s 4 kft4 kft >5 kft>5 kft 8 kft8 kft
10 Mb/s10 Mb/s 33 3.33 Mb/s3.33 Mb/s 5.5 kft5.5 kft >6.5 kft>6.5 kft 9 kft9 kft
10 Mb/s10 Mb/s 44 2.5 Mb/s2.5 Mb/s 7 kft7 kft >8 kft>8 kft 10 kft10 kft
10 Mb/s10 Mb/s 55 2 Mb/s2 Mb/s 8 kft8 kft >9 kft>9 kft achievedachieved
4 Mb/s4 Mb/s 44 1 Mb/s1 Mb/s 12 kft12 kft >12 kft>12 kft achievedachieved
2 Mb/s2 Mb/s 44 512 kb/s512 kb/s 15 kft15 kft >15 kft>15 kft achievedachieved
30 DSMDSM
998 Plan with Iter-water (VDSL)998 Plan with Iter-water (VDSL)
Rates exceed VDSL objectivesRates exceed VDSL objectives Note spectra converges to 998 when 998 is Note spectra converges to 998 when 998 is
present (4000’ MDSL)present (4000’ MDSL)
31 DSMDSM
Basic Principles - SummaryBasic Principles - Summary
No DSL modem should use more No DSL modem should use more transmit power than it needstransmit power than it needs
No DSL modem should use more No DSL modem should use more bandwidth than it needsbandwidth than it needs
Can be solved adaptively and Can be solved adaptively and autonomouslyautonomously Stop proliferating DSL standards and Stop proliferating DSL standards and
incompatible spectrum managementincompatible spectrum management
32 DSMDSM
Basic SolutionBasic Solution
Use/Extend ADSL DMT Frequency GridUse/Extend ADSL DMT Frequency Grid Already on 24 million lines (> 95% of market)Already on 24 million lines (> 95% of market)
ADSL+ = 512 tones down / 128 upADSL+ = 512 tones down / 128 up 10MDSL= 1024 tones down/1024 up10MDSL= 1024 tones down/1024 up VDSL = 2048 up/downVDSL = 2048 up/down 100MDSL 4096 up/down100MDSL 4096 up/down
DSM Spectrum Plan
010002000300040005000
ADSL
ADSL+
10M
DSL
VDSL
100M
DSL
DSL Type
Nu
mb
er o
f to
nes
Down
Up
33 DSMDSM
OutlineOutline
Crosstalk and ManagementCrosstalk and Management Autonomous (de-regulated) DSLAutonomous (de-regulated) DSL Bonded/Vectored DSLBonded/Vectored DSL
Network
CentralOfficeContent 1
Content 2 ILEC LTSwitch
router
FiberOr multi-channelDSL
twisted
pair
DSLAM
timetime
20-100 Mbps20-100 Mbps(symmetric)(symmetric)
SMC
Evolving DSL 2002+:Evolving DSL 2002+:BondingBonding
VectoringVectoringCommon DSLAMCommon DSLAM
(LT or RT)(LT or RT)
bbiinnddeerr
34 DSMDSM
SharedSharedchannelchannel
Coordinated 2-sided Coordinated 2-sided SignalsSignals (vector bonding) (vector bonding)
Full Vectoring ProblemFull Vectoring Problem Highest data ratesHighest data rates
BondedBondedlineslines
ControllerController
BondedBondedlineslines
ControllerController
35 DSMDSM
SharedSharedchannelchannel
DSM Level 2: Coordinated 1-sided DSM Level 2: Coordinated 1-sided SignalsSignals
““broadcastbroadcast” and “” and “multiple-accessmultiple-access” probs in IT” probs in IT One-sided vectoring, FDM of up/downOne-sided vectoring, FDM of up/down
Bonding (vector broadcast and vector MA problems in IT)Bonding (vector broadcast and vector MA problems in IT)
LTLTDSLAMDSLAM
User 1User 1
User 2User 2
User KUser K
......ControllerController
36 DSMDSM
998 with/without Vectoring998 with/without Vectoring
Enormous gain, especially upstream at Enormous gain, especially upstream at shorter lengths where FEXT is largeshorter lengths where FEXT is large
37 DSMDSM
Full Vectoring (sum up/down) Full Vectoring (sum up/down)
100 Mbps range – 500 meters , single line100 Mbps range – 500 meters , single line 1 km on 2 lines1 km on 2 lines >1.5 km on 4 lines>1.5 km on 4 lines
Even when partially vectored, 100 Mbps on 2 lines at 500 m, 1 km on 4 linesEven when partially vectored, 100 Mbps on 2 lines at 500 m, 1 km on 4 lines
38 DSMDSM
Broadband DSLBroadband DSL
Enables video, data, voice services and Enables video, data, voice services and packagingpackaging
Bit rateBit rate # of lines# of lines Rate/lineRate/line RangeRange
100 Mbps100 Mbps 11 100 M100 M 300-500 m300-500 m
100 Mbps100 Mbps 22 50 M50 M 1 – 1.2 km1 – 1.2 km
100 Mbps100 Mbps 44 25 M25 M 1.5-2 km1.5-2 km
39 DSMDSM
3 steps3 steps
ANSI 2001-200R5, 2002-018, 057, 059, 127, 129ANSI 2001-200R5, 2002-018, 057, 059, 127, 129 http://isl.stanford.edu/~cioffi/dsm/index.htmlhttp://isl.stanford.edu/~cioffi/dsm/index.html Looking to collaborate with service/content providers, Looking to collaborate with service/content providers,
equipment/semi companiesequipment/semi companies
ADSL toADSL toD: 7 MbpsD: 7 MbpsU: .3 MbpsU: .3 Mbps1 line1 line0-6 km0-6 km
20022002……
AMDSL toAMDSL toD: 25 MbpsD: 25 MbpsU: 10 MbpsU: 10 Mbps1-2 lines CO/LT1-2 lines CO/LT0-4 km0-4 km
BDSL toBDSL toD: 100 MbpsD: 100 MbpsU: 100 MbpsU: 100 Mbps1-4 lines/LT1-4 lines/LT0-2 km0-2 km
20032003 20042004
Dynamic Spectrum ManagementDynamic Spectrum Management
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