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Division Of Roman Empire
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Byzantine Empire
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Barbarian Invasions
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Battle of Adrinople
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Battle of Tours
• Charles “The Hammer” Martel
• Stopped Muslim Advance in Europe
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Empire Of Charlemagne
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Chuck and Pope
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Division of Empire of
Chuck
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Feudalism
• 1. What is Feudalism?• 2. Why did Feudalism develop in Europe after
the fall of the Roman Empire?• 3. What were the benefits of Feudalism?• 4. What were the weaknesses of Feudalism?
Feudalism
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Homage
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Chivalry: Code of Conduct
Homage Ceremony
Manorialism
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Calls for the First Crusade
• Jerusalem Falls to Muslims in 600’s• Muslims threaten Eastern Orthodox Constantinople• Safety of pilgrims threatened• Pope Urban II- 1095 “Deus vult!” (God Wills it!)• Immediate salvation in heaven
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First Crusade 1095-1099
• Led by French knights
• 3 separate armies converge in Constantinople and march on Jerusalem
• Massacre Jews on the way
• Lay siege to Jerusalem in 1099 A.D.
• Massacre Muslims in Jerusalem
• Set up feudal Crusader States
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Second Crusade 1147-1149 A.D.
• Crusader states are losing territory and threatened by growing power of Muslims
• Crusade is unsuccessful because kings leading the crusades argued.
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Third Crusade 1189-1192 “Crusade of the Kings”
• Saladin united Muslim forces and captured Jerusalem in 1187
• Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany-died on the way
• King Phillip Augustus of France-left
• King Richard I “Lionhearted”– Could not win a decisive
battle– Signed a truce
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Results of Crusades• Helped break down Feudalism and increased power and
authority of kings 100 years of contact between Crusaders and more sophisticated civilizations of Byzantine and Muslims helped end Europe’s cultural isolation- – Kings levied taxes, Raised armies, Cooperated on large scale
– Some nobles died on crusades and land taken by kings
– Some lesser nobles sold land to peasants and serfs to raise money for crusades
– Demand for luxury items of east increased trade (spices, sugar, melons, silk) Italian cities of Venice and Genoa flourished.
• The banking system developed
– built better ships, better maps, magnetic compass, gunpowder
– Death from crusades and Black death created more demand and power for Peasants and Middle Class
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