Diversity of Organisms and Classification

Diversity of Organisms

and Classification

Six Kingdom System

• Archaea• Eubacteria• Protists• Fungi• Animals• Plants

Archaea & Eubacteria

• Unicellular, microscopic• Prokaryotic- No nucleus

or membrane bound organelles

• Some are Photosynthetic– Autotrophs– Ex. cyanobacteria,

• Saprophytic or parasitic– Heterorophs– Saprophytic: feed on dead

substances– Parasitic: obtain nutrients

from living organisms

Protists- 2 KindsProtozoa• Unicellular; microscopic• No cell wall• Nucleus present

– Eukaryotic – complex cells• Autotrophic = makes its own food Heterotrophic = must

go get its foodAlgae- the only ones with cell walls, some multicellular; all

photosynthetic

Fungi

• Eukaryotic• Made up of hyphae- slender threads– Mycelium: a mass of hyphae

• No root, stem and leaf• No chlorophyll– Saprophytic or parasitic

• Reproduce by forming spores• Cell walls made of Chitin

Animals-heterotrophic, have to move to get their food-Multicellular

• Eukaryotic – complex cells with nucleus and organelles

• Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone:– Invertebrates : without backbone– Vertebrates : with backbone

Invertebrates• Many different body plans!• No backbone• May or may not have an exoskeleton• Includes sponges, echinoderms, crustaceans, mollusks,

worms, as well as several other type organisms

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Vertebrates• Divided into 5 groups:– Fish– Amphibians– Reptiles– Birds– Mammals

Fish• Aquatic – fresh and salt water

• Cold-blooded – 2 chambered heart

• Body covered with wet and slimy scales

• Streamlined body to move easily through water

• Fins for balance and to control movement

• Gills for breathing • External fertilization

Amphibians• Cold-blooded – 3

chambered heart • Moist, scaleless skin• Limbs present– tetrapods

• Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs & skin

• External fertilization• No claws on toes

Reptiles• Cold-blooded – 3 or

4 chambered heart• Body covered with

dry, hard scales• Live on land• Breathe with lungs• Internal fertilization;

lay shelled eggs• Claws on toes

Birds• Warm-blooded – 4

chambered heart• Body covered with

feathers• 2 wings and 2 feet• Beak for feeding• Lungs & air sacs for

breathing• Internal fertilization; lay

shelled eggs• Claws on toes

Mammals• Warm-blooded – 4

chamber heart• Hair or fur on skin• Females have mammary

glands for producing milk

• Lungs for breathing• Internal fertilization;

embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies

• Give birth to offspring• Claws or nails on toes

Plants

• Eukaryotic• Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments

(e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis• Autotrophic: makes own food• Cell walls• Multicellular• Reproduce by spores or seeds• Transport by vascular tissue- xylem & phloem

xylem - located on the innermost ring of the stem/root; it carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

phloem - located on the outermost ring (of vascular tissue) in the stem/root; it carries dissolved proteins, amino acids, sugars and other complex compounds in any direction.

Xylem and Phloem make up the vascular bundles.