View
271
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Distribution and Spatial Interaction
• Distribution – arrangement of feature in space…properties of distribution…
o Density: frequency something occurs
• Arithmetic Density: total # of objects in an area (i.e. pop density – 340/sq km)
• Physiological Density: # of persons per unit of area suitable agric (i.e. can country feed itself?)
World Population Density
Distribution (cont’d.)• Concentration: feature’s spread over
spaceo Clustered/agglomerated: objects
close togethero Dispersed/scattered: objects far
apart (see next slide)
• Pattern: geometric arrangement of objects in space (square, rectangle, irregular, etc.)
Density and Concentration of
Baseball Teams, 1952–2000
The changing distribution of North American baseball teamsillustrates the differences between density and concentration.
Time Space Convergence
• Time-space convergenceo The rate at which places move closer together
in travel or communication costso Results from a decrease in the friction of
distance as space-adjusting technologies have brought places closer together over time
• Global and local• Shrinking of space has important
implications
Time-Space Convergence• Friction of distance – Tobler’s 1st Law of Geog:
everything is related to everything else, but nearer things are more related than distant things (i.e. distance itself hinders interaction).
• Leads to distance decay: contact between two places decreases as distance increases
Discuss• How much is Distance Decay an issue today? Is
this something geographers might have to re-think?
Quick Write: Think about where people are spaced in the US. Where are they clustered? Why there? Where is it dispersed? Why?
Space-Time Compression
1492–1962
The times required to cross the Atlantic, or orbit the Earth, illustrate how transport improvements have shrunk the
world.
Spatial Interactiono Complementarity: we need each other
• Ex. One area needs houses, other area has the trees for lumber
o Transferability: cost involved in moving goods from one place to another• Cost• Ability to bear the costs• Variability• Space-Time Compression (see next slide)
o Accessibility: is location accessible? Highways, RR, shipping? Ex: food very expensive in Alaska
DIFFUSION • Process in which phenomenon (disease, trends,
technology, etc.) spread from one place to another over time
o Hearth: place of origination
o Diff happens quickly today w/ modern technology, communication, transportation
o The “S” Curve
Types of Diffusion
• 1.) Relocation Diff: spread b/c people move• Languages, Money, Aids
• 2.) Expansion Diff: snowball processo A. Hierarchical diff: top down process• Fashion, Music
o B. Contagious diff: like a wave without regard to hierarchy• Diseases, Fads
o C. Stimulus diff: spread of underlying principle, even though characteristic itself failed to diffuse• Settlers in America – tobacco growers
Hierarchical Diffusion
Contagious Diffusion
Hierarchical and Contagious
Recommended