Disks - Variability, Gaps & Protoplanets A Practical Guide

Disks - Variability, Gaps &

ProtoplanetsA Practical Guide

Young Pre-Main Sequence Disks

Regenerated “Debris Disks” - replenished by collisions

“Older” PMS Disks - grain growth & settling

Zodiacal Light - Our Solar System Today

How do planetary

systems form & evolve?

Need to study the disk

structures as a function of

“age”.

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Stars in the “planet-formation” phase? 2-20 Myr old

Idealized Disksvisible infrared

high T

low TWien’s Law!

TW Hya - Calvet et al. 2002, ApJ, 568, 1008

outer diskwallinner disk

BASS!

“Puffed-Up Inner Disks”

Meeus Groups I and II(Meeus et al. 2001, A&A, 365, 476

Dullemond, Dominik, & Natta 2001, ApJ, 560, 957

Dullemond 2002, A&A, 395, 853

Meeus Group I

Meeus Group

II Looks good, but wait just a minute.... Let’s look at some Meeus

Group I objects more

closely......

“Identifying gaps in flaring Herbig Ae/Be disks using spatially resolved mid-infrared imagingAre all group I disks transitional?”

Maaskant et al. 2013 - arXiv 1305.3183v1

evolutionary scenario?

“Transitional Disks”

Cleared Disks & Puffy Rims

COC March 19, 2008

Hughes et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 536

Observations

“Hole” ModelNo “Hole” Model

TW Hya

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LkCa 15H-band coronagraphic AO image

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“Debris Disks”

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Regenerated Debris Disks

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There IS NO “The Model”Inner Disk Variability

InterferometryIsella et al. 2006, A&A, 451, 951Monnier et al. 2006, ApJ, 647, 444

http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/ir-interferometry/

Fringes in the JHK bandsQuickTime™ and aGIF decompressorare needed to see this picture.

DG Tau - Spitzer IRS (courtesy of Jeff Bary)

rightafteroutburst

HD 163296 = MWC 275

Exoplanets

“Hot Jupiters”? Who ordered

those?!

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Okay, where did all the “Hot Jupiters” come from?

Cannot form inside the snow/frost line

Formed further out & migrated

A nice “little” (8 MB) of one example, by Phil Armitage, U Colorado

Also, planetary scattering (Nice model...)

Bottom line: current locations

of exoplanets may have little

to do with where they formed.

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Late Heavy Bombardment

but LHB disputed...

Inside the “gap” of SAO 206462

Spiral arm modeling - probably 2 planets

NASA Press releaseUC student on the paper: Chelsea

Werren

Sparse Aperture Mask (SAM) InterferometryKeck II - NIRC2 Camera, January 2012

V1247 Ori - Kraus et al. 2013

PlanetQuest blurb

Sky & Telescope blog

UC students on the paper: Jeremy Swearingen, Chelsea

Werren

HD 142527 - Casassus et al. 2013

observation model artwork

Summary

•Sublimation of dust (planet-forming material)

•gravitational sweeping of formed planets

•protoplanet candidates possibly detected

Study of Inner Disk Variability:•understand the physics of planet-forming disks

•understand the distribution of processed material in the disks

•some variability may be planet-generated

Disks Clear Due To:

Fin