Dinosaurs 78

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0 DISCOVER THE IGIANTS OFTHE PREIIISTO

IDEN'I'IKI'I'

Learnmore about two prehistoric

animals and a speedy dinosaurTROPEOGNATHUS 1849

DESMOSTYLUS 1852

CHIROSTENOTES 1853

IPREHlSTOIlIcL%,lt,l,‘9WVORLD.I D” DavidN°*‘ma“

DinosaurNeighbours: dinosaur queries

THETRIASSIC 1854

SPO1"I'ER'S GUIDE

STOPPRESS 3... read all the

latest prehistoric news 1862

run:kv nctccnvc t have an airborne

Discoverhow,overmillions of

years,the continents havemoved

around the Earth in

EARTH’S CHANGING FACE 1864

HISTORY IN PICTURESIHIS INHISTORY, I

The story of a fossilhunter1868

weekly quiz

A pair of massive Tropeognathus

@m.@.@;<:afl.D!eayTwo Herrerasaurus are chased

away from their kill

Mgr:More fascinating trivia and the

RIC WORLD-

The last of the prehistoric animals

with namesbeginningY to Z 1872

of Cambridge

University answers more of your

BACK COVER

battle I858

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IDEN'l'IKIfI"

TROPEOGIVATHUSTropeognathuswas one of the largestand strangest of the pterosaurs.

terosaurs were flying reptilesthat soared in the skies inthe Cretaceous Period,whendinosaurs Walked the Earth.

The pterosaurswere the largest flyingcreatures that have ever lived.The fossilsofmany different pterosaurs have beenfound in the area in SouthAmerica that

We now call Brazil.

BIGGEST BEAST

Tropeognathus is one of the biggest

pterosaurs so far discovered. It had a

Wingspan ofover 6m andWould have casta great shadow as it skimmed overthe

wavesin search offishes and

squidtoeat.

SHIP SHAPETropeognathus, meaning ‘kee1—jaw’,was

named after the rounded shape of its

strange bony jaw crest, which lookedverylike a ship’s keel. A ship uses its keel to

ploughswiftly through the sea.

Tropeognathus probably used its jaw crestin a similar way—o slice through theWater when it speared fish.

SKY HIGH

Tropeognathus may have used its greatwings for short bursts offlapping. But

they Were better designedfor soaring. Like a

modern glider, it

may have relied on

risinghot-aircurrents to keep‘it in the air.

Tropeognathus’

iawwas similar in

shape to a ship'skeel. This shapemay have helped

it to balance its longbody as it skimmedfor fishes.

Larger bonyupper crest

Smaller

lower crest

Imagine a Tropeognathus is flying straight at

you, neck outstretched. This is the view (above)that youwould have of the beak,with the teeth

in the middle and the weird bony crest stretchingabove and below.

TheAfrican fish

eagle is one of

today's successful

fish catchers.

1'\NO’SCOMPANYA complete skull and a lower jaw are

the only Tropeognathus fossils discovered.The crest andteeth on the skullwere notthe same as those on the lower jaw, so

experts decided that thefossils belonged to two speciesof Tropeognathus. Theynamedthemmesembrinus

and robustus.

GONE FISHING

Tlppeognathus’longjaws were

linedwith sharp, fish-eating teeth.

It probably speared its prey with

its long, strong front teeth. Itcouldhave held several

IDEN'I'IKl'|'

l.l"JIl©1ll°FZl\.©‘ll§NAME: Tropeognathus (tr_o|g-ee-og-g:it_h-us)

means ’keel-jaw’GROUP: pterosaurSIZE: 6mwingspanFOOD: FishesLIVED: about l2O million years ago in the

EarlyCretaceous in north-east BrazilOOOO

l< em >l

RUBBERNECK

Tropeognathus had a long, flexible neck.It needed to be able tomove its neck easilyand

swiftlyto catch

fast-movingfishes. Its

neckmust have been Very powerfullybuilt, too. Tropeognathus needed to have

strongneckmuscles to use its beak to

spear fish underwater. Imagine catching a

fish in your mouth, then pulling it out ofthe Water andflying up into the a i r again!

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

ms&EfiGROUNDED

Experts disagree about how the

pterosaurs might have moved about onland. Some scientists think theywalked

or ran like birds.Others believe theyshuttled along like bats.

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

lDEN'l'lK|‘l'

DE§M@§7%(//§The giant ‘sea horse’ Desmostylushad two pairs of powerful tusks.

esmostylus paddledaround inA NAME:Desmosly/us (@—mo—s_ti-lus) means

the coastal shallows ofNorth 'Cl”'0i“'Pl“°r'

America andAsia 25 million 0 GROUP‘ 530 m°mm°l

years ago in the Miocene5'15‘ UP*0 l.-8'“ l°“9

Epoch. It was built like the hippopotamus X FOOD‘ ‘°‘l‘e”l"°’l‘°f“_l—5e°Wee°l _ ,

We know today’ but it probably livedandKJl.IVED:

about 25millionyears ago

In theMiocene

behaved more like tOday,SWalrus. In Japan and the Paclhc coast ofNorthAmerica

INAND OUT THEWATER HEAVYWEIGHT

Desmostylus grew up to 1.8m long—s big Desmostylushada bulky bodywith four

as a pony. The heavy creature probably pillar-like legs andbroad feet. Each foot

pulled itself alongquite easilywhen had four hoof-like toes.

underwater, but it was a muchmore

clumsymover on land. JUMBOThe headofDesmostylus was similar tothat of a prehistoric shovel-tusked

elephant. Its upper and lower jawswere armedwith a pair of

powerful tusks.Desmostylusprobably used its tusks to

prise shellfish and seaweedoff the rocks. It could also

have plungeddownto the sea bed insearch of things

to eat.

OIIIROSTENOTESStolen eggs were probably part of

the diet of speedy Chirosrenotes.

hirostenotes looked rather like

Oviraptor, the ‘egg thief’,which raidedother dinosaurs’

nests for its food. Both dinosaurs lived in

the Late Cretaceous Period. Experts think

Chirostenotes couldhavescavenged

in the

same Way as Oviraptor, crushing food in

its toothless, but powerful, beak.

HANDYWEAPONS

Chirostenotes hadthree long, slender

fingers armedwith long, sharp claws.

These would have come in very useful for

catching smallmammals and insects.Chirostenotes certainly had a good, Varied

diet as it may have feasted on fruit, too.

NAME:Chirosfenotes (fix-ros-ten-Q-tees)means ’narrow hands’GROUP: dinosaurSIZE: up to 2m longFOOD: eggs, meat and truitLIVED: about 65 million years ago in Late

Cretaceous Canada and Mongolia

ON THE RUNWith its longhind legs and powerful bird-like toes, Chirostenotesmust have been

fast on its feet. Speedwas probably itsmain defence

against largermeat-eaters likeT rex.

BUMPY BEAK

Chirostenotes hada

long, deep toothless beak, probablycrowned with a smallhorn—like

crest, similar to Oviraptor’s bonybulge. The tip of the beak looked rather

like that of

today’s parrot.

kimfwoknn

inosaur( r ( l l

n the Triassic Period, one side oftheWorldwas covered by a singlemass ofmainlydry, desert-like

land. Along the valleys and inlets, WhereO l X

flQ go/Q

the landmass was slowly cracking up,

at 9 3 é 5 ,L4/ \;/J therewere somemoist areaswithplenty ofi

V <*<%;_’ Vegetation. The first dinosaurs lived there—meat—eaters such as Herrerasaurus and

plant—eaters like '..

r <1 r "

‘ n‘ (7 \ / 2 Ar?”.l_. fl 4 if -j(',':l't_.\('t 1

that desert animals

rarely drink?

Yes. Desert animalsobtain all the moisture

they need trom the animals

NOT ALONE

The dinosaurs were not the only animalsin the Triassic deserts. Tiny animals

scuttled around the dinosaurs’ feet. TheylookedVery much like the lizards and

smallmammals that live in deserts today.

LIZARD LOOKALIKE

Clevosaurus was a type ofsmall insect-

eating reptile called a sphenodont.p Sphenodonts, which looked like

DESERT PLANT-EATER

Another smallTriassic reptile was

Hypsognathus. It had a squat body and

spikes on its head, and resembled today’shorned toad. It belonged to a group of

animals called procolophonids.Hypsognathus ate the sparse desert

plants.

FLYING REPTILESM? T

A dark shadow, as big as a dinner plate,lizards;wereVery comrrIoIi*in>m..,.._,F.,««~' sometimes swept across the Triassic rocks.

Triassic times are still aroundtoday. But onlylone speciesi d ,etuatara efiremains; It lives (7 ii‘a7i

Was it a bird?No.Birds Were not around. i

Was it a pterosaur?No. It never flapped its

The creature glided on, spread its

Wings.

—kegparachutes—a

d betwe"" i T

'- »fiinvz¢. "' i

The dinosaurs could have seen a slim

animal, about the size of a cat, as it

scampered across the sandy Wastes. Its

skinny body,Whip-like tail and longslender legswere quite unlike those of itsrelatives today. This is Terrestrisuchus, akind ofprimitive crocodile. It was built for

runningover dry ground andhuntinginsects and small lizard-like animals.

UNTHE “M

Beneath the dry, limestone Triassic cliffsand the upland desertswere moist valleysWhere streams ran down to the sea. Here,the early plant-eatingdinosaurs—he

prosauropods such as Plateosaurusand Thecodontosaurus—browsedand drank from the oasis pools.

.-. _trait t~

Today's desert lizard,

strangely named the

horned toad, is similar

to Hypsognathus.

C@RE[:\T

Surveying this scene from a safe distanceWa s the triconodont, Morganucodon, oneof the first true mammals.This insect-

eater was probably active at night,whenmost dinosaurs were too cold to hunt. Itlookedjust like a modern shrew—very

insignificant looking creature comparedwith the great dinosaurs.Yet

Morganucodon’s descendants developed to

rule the world longafter the dinosaurs

were gone.

This is what palaeontologists call tinyanimals with backbones —ouse-sized or

newt-sized creatures. Special techniques,using extremely tine instruments and

microscopes, are needed to study Fossils

ofmicro-vertebrates.

Kuehneosaurus coul

glide iust like today'tiny ’f|yingdragon’from southernAsia.

Flyingdragon

DISTURBANCE V

Adistant

rumbleechoed throughthe air; the tree branches vibrated

violently; ripples ran across the placidsurface of the Water - it was an

earthquake!LittleMorganucodon jumpedup and scampered off through the

undergrowth. Clevosaurus emerged from a SAFE AND SOUND

crack in the rock.Hypsognathus shookoff The earthquake harmednone of them. It

the sand that had fallen on itsback,and was just a sign that the desert landmass

Terrestrisuchus got over its sudden terror had cracked a little more, andwould one

and continued its hunting.

day break upinto the different continents.

Terrestrisuchus

Clevosaurus was a small

reptile called a

sphenodont. The onlyspecies of sphenodont

alive today is the tuatara.

A terrible commotion fills the aitabove the

seasaftEarlyCretaceous Brazil.With a

violent if-lappingoftheir enormouswings,twogiant Tropeoignathusi areFightingover

their catch of fishiflne Tropeognathus has

gotthefishfirmly specified}onits razor~lil<e

teeth and is;_not going to let it go to its rival.But onemuisfgiivevway soon because; unless

they find a hot-air current,tokeep them up in V

the air, theywill crash to the rocks laelowj' inwhere o group of hungry dinosaurswill be

Wéififig to greet them.A

I7} } I ) I I , .

4«"Jt«3&L~.i’o4¢?a’»2::,’x,«..2 M

‘.\.J;4F" "7-.=»:‘.\\_. ..‘

In Mid Triassic Argentina, twoHerrerasaurus are feasting on a

kill. Suddenly,twoSaurosuchus

appear. TheHerrerasaurus

speed awaywith thein pursuit.Takingaurosuchus

advantage of this distraction, a

r little dinosaur, Eoraptor,moves1...

__~..¢

Caecilian’sancestor had le

A caecilian is a tiny amphibialooks l ike a worm. It has no l

eyesand it burrows in the gr

Scientists have oftenwondei ts evolution. Now,a fossilize

caecilian ancestor hasbeen

SincejurassicPark brought the

. dinosaurs from tnenr .news, sc1ent1stS

. - ‘t cars 1180-R

:\ce1ie(l1:t(311fu(e)::tI1l’:llziversity,Belfast» It lived in Early Jurassic Ari

has found some old scientific Like today’s caecilians, Eoca

papers thatclaim to

havens in

was longand thin. Unlike to

fcl>1ur‘1Dddigosgguzlgggof

andspecies, it had eyes and tiny

t C one

Apatosaurus(right)-

firstAusfrcnon os$N” °mI'midrRich and Pzhggigound

They have named itim‘ ,IITIUS after their son’ Tgmofhy.

c d to i

Nadiezctirftltjs‘ LOW).

\NEWLOOKFOR ‘BIGARMS’

For 40 years the only specimenof Therizinosaurus

was a long arm with very long claws. Expertshave

never been sure what the wholeanimal looked £5’!

l ike, but there have been manytheories.

Now,Dr Dale Russell of theCanadian

Museum of Naturehas builtup a

picture of thecreature, using other

bones he believes mayhave belonged to

Therizinosaurus. It shows a squat-bodied,

long-necked, plant-eatinganimal that may

havewalked on its knuckles likea gorilla.

’—he continents——~‘floaton top of this

’Astheilliquid’mantlemoves,.yit*pul1s.‘the

T surfaceioftheEarthaifoundwithwit. 1T 7

The shape of the landmasses have i

changing faMaps and globes of the world show

the shape and positionof the

continents. But the Earthhas notalways looked as it does today. Let's

look at the evidence suggesting that

the continents havemoved around.

he Earthwas formed about

4,500million years ago.1 For millions ofyears the rocks

andminerals thatmakeupthe Earth

were sohot that theywerealiquid. Very

slowly, the surface of the Earthcooleddown and landmasses formed.

HOTROCKS

Deep beneath the surface ofy

the Earth there is still a layer ofveryhot rocks.This is called the mantle.One part of themantle is still quite

liquid.TheEarth’s

crustand landmasses

liquid they are slowlymoving!

, beens l t w l y

slowly changed overmillions ofyears.

CLUES TOTHE PASTScientists have found clues to suggest thatthe continentswere once joined together. If

two areas have similar types of fossilized

plants and animals, it means that theanimalswere able tomove between thetwo areas and that the landwas probablyjoined at one time.

GONDWANA FOSSILSSome of the best clues come from fossils of

animals andplants from the Permianand

Triassic Periods. Fossils of the fern-like

plantGlossopteris and the reptileLystrosaurus have been found in rocks

throughout the southern continents,suggesting that theywere all joined atone time. Dinosaurfinds have also

helped complete the jigsaw. A duckbilled

dinosaur, Secernosaurus, hasbeen found in both

NorthAmericaa

andeastern .

n v“ ,

'I THE LATE TRIASSIC 225 MYA

Scientists are not surewhat

Earth looked likewhen it

was first formed 240million

years ago, but they believe all

the continents were ioined

together. Scientists call this 3supercontinent Pangaea (Pan-

jeg-a). In the Late Triassic it split into two largelandmasses called Laurasia (Lgg-race-ia) and

Gondwanaland (_Ggg.-dwan-g_-land).The land-

masses continued to drift further apart. About

160million years ago,during the Jurassic,

North America began to separate from Europe

and Asia, and South America began to drift

away from Africa. A long, narrow sea formedin the centre of this split.

LANDmksAmuostsans

»Scientists believe that horsesevolved in

North1America andispread toAsia‘and

thenAfricaabout 1.5millionyears ago,

suggecstingthatthese continents. L

wereoncejoined;Archelon, a giant*_urtle,thasatbeenjfoundin central

j,that the land-inustyhavebeen:coveredbya shallow sea

“duringtheLate Cretaceous.As Scientistsfindmorefossils;theyfindmore evidence

to support the idea ofmovingcontinents.

Fossilized Glossopteris leaves

(right) have been found in all the

southern continents. This suggests

they were once ioined together.

2 THE LATE

: CRETACEOUS66 MYA

The gaps between the

continents widened. South"iinericaand Africa became

completely separated by the sea,which formed

oceans, including the Atlantic. India andAfrica

continued to drift towards Europe.

3 THE EARTHTODAY

The continents continued to move.About

50 million years ago,Australia separatedfrom Antarctica and began to move north,

and India collidedwithAsia. South America

moved north to join North America.

rthat the Atlantic Ocean

is getting bigger?

\/ Yes. As the continents continue to move

the oceans and the lanolmasses are still

changing shape. The Atlantic Ocean isgrowing byabout 4cm a year and the Pacitic Ocean is

shrinking as North and South America clritt west.

Eventually North America may join with Russia

and eastern Atrica may separate trom the rest otAlrica, torming a giant island.

I 1865

E[:&Rl.Y TUNE

In the 1500s, the Portuguesemademaps ofSouthAmerica. They noticed a strangething. If the east coast ofSouthAmericaand the west coast ofAfrica were placed

side by side, they fitted together like ajigsaw puzzle.

THE Fl.@©lD3

Many ideaswere put forward to explainthis. One of themost popular in the 1600s

was that the Great Flood, the story ofwhich is told in the Bible,hadsplit a giantarea of land in two.

Then, at the beginning of this century, aGerman scientist calledAlfredWegenerfound fossil evidence that tropical fernshad once grown in Antarctica. He alsofound evidence that Brazilhadbeencovered by icy glaciers. In 1915 he

published a book showinghow thecontinents hadonce fitted together,buthecould not explainhow they moved.

Volcanoes are

formed when liquidrock is forced to the

Earth's surface.

Most other scientists didn’t believe

Wegener’s theories. It wasnotuntil the1950s and 1960s that scientists realisedthe Earth’s surface was not one solid crust

butwas divided up into huge,jagged slabs.These slabs are called plates.

When the platesmove apart, liquid rockWells up from below the Earth’s crust andforms a line ofvolcanicmountains. Liquidrock cools to form new rocks that extendthe edge of the plate.

The San Andreas

Fault (left) in

California, marksthe boundarywhere one plateis sliding postanother. This

movement causesland tremors and

earthquakes in

that region.

The ocean floor moves too. In

the 19505 a mountain range

_ 3km tall was discoveredA

running down the centre of the ‘

Atlantic Ocean. This wasi

formed by volcanoes pushing

up new rocks.

Fault lines occurwhen

one plate is pushedunder another plate.

@fM:§[:l[N@

When two plates crash into each other, theEarth’s crust is squeezed and buckled.This often results in a mountain rangebeing formed as the rocks are pushed up

between two colliding plates.TheHimalayaswere formedwhen Indiacrashed into Asia.

‘Hot spots’ of activity deep in themantle

also force liquid rock to the surface. Thiscan create new volcanic islands.The

Hawaiian islandswere formed in this way,when liquid rock hardenedon the surface.

The plates that

make up the

Earth's crust alsomove apart and

form valleys, suchas the Great Rift

Valley inAfrica.

The northern partof this valley hasflooded to formthe Red Sea (left).

A volcanic island,formed from liquidrock, breaks the

ocean surface.

. ~w"""

Where platesmove apart,hot rocks canwell up from

below.

The mantle is the name for the

. i n W _ _ red-hot, liquid rock deepbeneath the Earth's surface.

Eachcontinent behaves like a giant raft ofrock floating on the liquidmantle of theEarth. As the liquidmoves, the continentis pushed around. The African continental

raft is movingapart near its eastern edge."

:7 ’7F,\.l_l.EY

A giantValley called the Rift Valley is

forming as the two blocks of rock pullapart. The rift is widening by a fewcentimetres a year. In 50 million years’time it may havewidened somuch thatEastAfricawill split away to form anisland. Continental drift is still at work!

The highHimalayanMountains in

Nepal (right)were formedwhen Indiacrashed into Asia,

pushing up the

land.This took

place over

millions of years.

Mountainsare pushed

up when plates collide.'

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Improve and test yourknowledge

Dimetrodonholds all the answers.

See how you score in the quiz.

bymeans

, mi m@i@@

/:.7/"\\

have fivehorns

Idnotmany

However,apair0;nlYthree.

out from the side:(;il::sstucke frill,

extra horng_y.. \

ia»:‘§»

What kindof dine laidthegianteggs in China?

a tyrannosaur

s)an ankylosaura pterosaur

Between I852and 1854,RichardOwen,aBritish

1 dinosaur expert, joined forceswith a sculptor called‘

Waterhouse Hawkins tocreate some life-sizedmodels

WM , 5,meEarl-his ofdinosaurs and prehistoric animals.When they had

mantle? finished, they decided tocelebrate by inviting20

people todinner—nside the body of lguanadon!) a layer of hot ash

b) a layer of hot rocks

c) the ocean floor

Where didWilliamCutlermakeI

hismost importantfinds?

a) Africa

Is)South Americac) Canada

Zalambdalestes had

legs like a:

a) miniature kangaroo

b)miniature shrew Qc) giant hedgehog

Apatosaurusmeans:

a) ’deceit lizard’

la) ‘patting lizard’

c) ‘truthful lizard’

YOUNGINA260MYANamed after a fossil

collector called Young,

Youngina (young-guynah)was a small

reptile that lived in

the PermianPeriod

in the desert—like

regions of South

Africa. It was about as long as today’s

rabbit, and probably ate insects and snails,which it crushedwith sharp teeth. Younginahad long fingers and toes,which helped it

to grasp rocks and tree trunks as it

moved across the dry, dusty land.

ZZAGLOSSUS 2 MYA

Zaglossus (zar-glci-us) was a giant egg-

layingPleistocene echidna, measuring65cmin length.Not very different to today’s

echidnas, it hada spiny body, long snoutand a long, sticky tongue. Zaglossus could

quickly flick out its

tongue tocapture

Eursrzms

’¢,«.

‘ ZALAMBDALESTES 75 MYA-. Zalambdalestes (za-l.'s1:n1-da-

\\ lei-tees) was a tiny shrew-

a‘ like mammal with large eyesand a smallbrain. It lived

alongside the dinosaurs in Mongoliain the Late Cretaceous Period.

Zalambdalesteshad long,powerfulback legs like a miniature

kangaroo. It used them to

run and jump through theundergrowth.At the end

of its long, upturnedsnout it had sharp teethfor chewingup insects.

ZYGOMATURUS

26 MYAAn early relative ofmarsupials such as

today’s kangaroo,Zygomaturus (zy—go-ma-

E-us)had small, bony horns sticking outfrom the top of its nose andhead. It roamedaroundAustralia from LateMiocene timesalmost to the present day. Experts think that

this plant-eater probably preferred coastalareas and forest habitats.

ZYGORHYZASwimming in the Late Eocene seas,

Zygorhyza (Q-go-Q’-za)wasVery similar to

today’s porpoise. It measured about 7m in

length andhad an extra-long snout.

Zygorhyza, which means ‘double-rooted

teeth’,was a powerful swimmerand mayhave come ashore to mate and to give birth.

40 MYA

MYA =MILLION YEARSLAGO

Find out whata mammothreally lookedl ike in TIMEDETECTIVE.Relive the Ice

Ages inPREHISTORICWORLD—-t willmakeyou shiver!

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Three amazingcreatures in IDENTIKIT

HISTORY IN PICTURES

3-D GALLERY

GIANTS OFTHE PAST3SN0Sfl0

01SHMSNV

PICTURE CREDITS: Front cover: LusRey. BayerischeStaatssammlung Fur PalaontoBruceColeman/Gerald Cubitt I857 BR; BruceColeman/Peter Davey I85I TL; BruceColeman/CB&DWFrith I857TL; BruceColeman/Steven.C Kaufman I864/65; FLPA/E&DHosking I850 TR; TheMansellCollection I87I TR; TheNaturalHistoryMuseum,London I862 TL, I865 TR;OSF/John Beatty I867 TR; OSF/}.A.L. Cooke I856 TL;Planet EarthPictures I863CL; SciencePhoto Library/NASA I867 TL; Science Photo Library/USGeologicalSurvey I866 C‘Artwork: Back Hat I872 TR, TL, BL;RobinBouttell/WLAA I852;Wendy Bramall I854/55,I856 TR, BLBR, I857 BC, TR; R.CarIer/WLAA I864 TR,I865 TL, TC; EdwinaGoldstone/WIAA I864; PhilipHood/WLAA I849, I850/SI BC;DeidreMcHaIe: backcover;Nick Film/WLAA I862 BR, I863 TL, BR; Luis ReyI853;Graham Ros_ewarne I863TR;MI<eSaunders

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TlW9W5inWein01

DrDavidNormanofCambridgei‘

University answers your 1dinosaur questions

WhywasApatosaurusgiven aname thatmeans‘deceptivereptile’?

I am not entirely sure, so Iwill have tomake anintelligent guess. It may bethat the name,which

Whatha penswhen a inosaur /-

isgiven twodifferent names?If one palaeontologistfinds a part of adinosaur and anotherfinds a different part of literally means ‘deceit

it, they may give lizard’,wasthe dino different names. There is intended toa set of rules, called the International give the impressionCode ofZoologicalNomenclature, used for that, even though

namingnew species. If there is a dispute Apatosaurus J

aboutwhich name should be used, a panel seems to’

"——é

of expertsmakes a decision. have ""

been a

, re tileCould small dinosaurshave inlihe «snatched pterosaurs from the sky? strictest uigag

anatomicalV

Small carnivorous dinosaurswere very sense,When you consider the size of its

quick. They had light bodies, bigbrains bones, there seems to be no Way that it

and good eyesight. I would imagine that, could be thought of as like any reptilejust as a cat is able to catch a bird, today. So, giving it a ‘saurus’ ending to itsthese name, which meansdinosaurs ‘reptile’, actually givescould catch the wrong impressionpterosaurs, and is deceptive.particularlywhen not in

flight—n the

ground they

Dinosaurs 78

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