Digital Storytelling Digital stories in the classroom …a telling experience A digital storytelling...

Digital Storytelling

Digital stories in the classroom…a telling experience

A digital storytelling workshop based on the book to be published by Corwin Press, Fall, 2006 www.jasonOhler.com

AssessmentReason teachers don’t require more new media projects from students??

Not comfortable assessing new media…

So, let’s help them…

Assessment

New Media Assessment ProjectInterested?

Contact me:jason.ohler@uas.alaska.edu

Show “School Train”

Thanks to Glen Bledsoe www.jasonOhler.com

How would you assess this?

• stories and storytelling…• speaking new media… • joining the story culture…• shifting from consumer to

producer, prosumer…• constructivist, project based

learning…• blending story, analytical thinking

What’s digital storytelling about?

• stories and storytelling…• speaking new media… • joining the story culture…• shifting from consumer to

producer, prosumer…• constructivist, project based

learning…• blending story, analytical thinking

What’s digital storytelling about?

• provide non-linear, rhythmic info container, interface with world…

• simplify, structure…

• teach, promote meaning, survival…

• personalize, create identity…

• socialize, acculturate…

• contextualize…important in Info Age

What do stories do…?

Story planning…

Once upon a time, there was a …

No formulas… only forms of you

Traditional story planning process

1. Get a story idea

2. Develop storyboard or outline and script

Traditional story boarding

Angle:

Movement:

Audio:

Angle:

Movement:

Audio:

Technical direction

Angle: wide

Shot: side of bus, going to school

Movement: follow bus Audio: music (Born to Learn)

Angle: wide, zoom in

Shot: front of school, students entering

Movement: stationary

Audio: music, cont.

Technical directionNone - ambient happy school bus noise

Teacher at door, greeting each child as they enter

Story board for “We Won’t Leave School”

Technical direction

http://www.csupomona.edu/~wcweber/325/storybd.htm

Teacher at door, greeting each child as they enter

Script, voice over narration:

“Once upon a time there were children so in love with school they refused to leave when summer vacation came. They demanded to keep learning. ‘More math problems!’ they cried.”

None - voice over with ambient happy school, bus noise

Story board for “We Won’t Leave School”

Angle: wide

Shot: side of bus, going to school

Movement: follow bus Audio: music (Born to Learn)

Technical direction

1. Get a story idea

NO!2. Develop storyboard or outline and script

New story planning process

1. Get a story idea

2. Develop story mapNew!

Problem (tension)

Solution (resolution)

Beginning End

Middle

Ordinary life…

“the call to adventure…” closure

“Life” resumes…

Visual Portrait of Story (VPS)

(Dillingham, 2001)

(conflict, growth)- challenge - opportunity

- goal

(Dillingham, Ohler 2003)

Transformation?

Problem (tension)

Beginning

Ordinary life…

VPS + transformation = quest

Middle

- goal

Kinds of stories…

Transformation?

Problem (tension)

Beginning

Ordinary life…

VPS + transformation = quest

Middle

- goal

realization, decision?

Problem (tension)

Beginning

Ordinary life…

VPS + realization/decision = personal story

Middle

- goal

learning? growth?

Inquiry (tension)

Discovery (resolution)

Beginning

Ordinary life…

VPS + learning = curriculum story

Middle

- goal

Make students heroes of their own learning stories…

artistic growth?

Inspiration (tension)

Realization(resolution)

Beginning

Ordinary life…

VPS + creative focus = art story

Middle(conflict, growth)

- challenge - opportunity

- goal

Story mapping…

1. Maps the emotional flow of story…

2. Shows relationship between events and story elements…

Story mapping…

3. Happens early in project…teacher can challenge

4. Is simple, no tech required…

Story mapping…

5. Story as information container… students understand story rhythm…

Story mapping…

5. Story as information container… students understand story rhythm…

6. Works with all storytelling, media… high tech, low tech, no tech…

Trans-formation

Transformation?

Problem (tension)

Ordinary life…

closure

What’s the nature of transformation?

Middle(conflict, opportunity)

- challenge - opportunity

- goal

Beginning

8 Levels of character transformation…1. Physical/kinesthetic - strength, dexterity,

realizing potential

2. Inner strength - courage, realizing potential

realizing potential

3. Emotional - maturity, realization

4. Moral - conscience, realizing “right”

realizing potential

5. Psychological - insight, self-awareness, realization, revelation

6. Social - realizing responsibility

realizing potential

7. Intellectual/creative - learning, problem solving, critical thinking, realizing new understandings

8. Spiritual - awakening, revelation

realizing potential

7. Intellectual/creative - learning, problem solving, critical thinking, realizing new understandings

8. Spiritual - awakening, revelation

Bloom’s taxonomy as transformation…Level Kind Explanation

#6 Evaluation Character assesses situation, critiques and/or defends idea, person; evaluates a situation in order to respond to it…

#5 Synthesis Character pieces together parts to form new understanding of situation…

#4 Analysis Character deconstructs a situation, distinguishes among options, plans or organizes something, compares and contrasts different things…

#3 Application Character discovers, constructs or changes something; applies understanding to a new situation…

#2 Comprehension Character explains, interprets, predicts something…

#1 Knowledge Character knows, remembers, describes something…

William Tell and the Little Girl Who Could Fix Computers…”

(I tell a story… we debrief)

Show “Rolling Ball”

Tx to Glen Bledsoe

www.jasonOhler.com

Future of digital storytelling

Assessing digital stories

Assessment• story• content• technique• clarity/voice• tone/flow/POV• media blend• literacy• artifacts

Story on the digital stage is just tip of artifact/assessment iceberg…

Assessment

Beneath story: storyboards, story maps, scripts, photos, footage, music, logs, media lists, narratives, treatments…lots of writing “under the radar”…if it ain’t on the page…

Story on the digital stage is just tip of artifact/assessment iceberg…

Assessment

DAOW of literacy…

Digital storytelling blends a number of literacies…

•effective, creative, and wise…

•why, when and when not, as well as what and how to…

•media literacy…

DAOW of literacy…digital

Media literacy•“Media acts as frame, filter on the world while appearing to be a clear window”… GOODMAN

•Piercing the neocortex… techniques of media persuasion…

•Understanding media by doing media…

•Traditional literacy IS media literacy; V 2.0 essays = advertising…

DAOW of literacy…art

•4th R…

•design, the grammar of art…

•storytelling = mixed media...

timeless skills…

DAOW of literacy…oral

•timeless skills…

•works with no, low and high tech…

•improves expression…

•video encourages storytelling…

•expectation of presentation…

if it ain’t on the page…

DAOW of literacy…written

•if it ain’t on the page…

•language of shared plans…

•narratives, ideas, scripts, etc…

•deep processing…

Show Hannah Davis story…

Thinking about stories…•Stories are dangerous•What stories do•Making a story work

Stories are dangerousArt Theater vs. Political theater

From Good Ideas Need Love Too by Alan Kay

Story thinking vs. Analytic thinking

Two kinds of thinking

Report/ DocumentaryStory

Two kinds of thinking

Story thinking vs. Analytic thinking

Where…? ?

Story spine by Kenn AdamsThe platform • Once upon a time…

• Every day…

The catalyst: • But one day…

The consequences:

• Because of that…

The climax: • Until finally…

The resolution: • Ever since then…

• The moral of this story is…

by Adams

Story telling in business & organizations…

Other kinds of stories…

Other kinds of stories…- non-universal stories…

Barre Toelken, Director of the Folklore Program, Utah University

- circular, non-linear stories… House Made of Dawn (Momaday), Pulp Fiction, If You Give a Mouse…

- user-driven stories, games- learn rules, break rules…

my photography teacher

- experience all kinds of stories, make your own maps…

ending #1…?

ending #2…?

Other kinds of stories…Choose your metaphor

- a poem? short story?

- an academic explanation?

- news report?

- a TV episode? a rock video?

- an ad? PSA?

- a personal narrative?

Time check…

What’s left?

Thinking about the production process...

amplifier effect tech teaching tips rule of 80/20 media grammar

First 80%Last 20%

- project completion -

Rule of 80/20

First 80%Last 20%

glitz, fixing every little thing…

the production wall

Hitting the production wall

Rule of 80/20

First 80%Last 20%

My advice?

Forget the last 20%!!!

Rule of 80/20

• lighting…

• sound…

• steady shots…

• mixing…

• CRAP design (Williams)

• …unless on purpose…

Media grammar…

‘Media have their own grammar…’McLuhan

Elements of the production process...

1. Step one?

2. Step two?

3...then what?

Pre-production Production

Post-production

Performance Distribution

•ideas, story storm

•VPS•peer pitch•storyboard, scripting

•make media list

•gather materials

•make voiceover, music

•take pics, video

•scan pics, objects

•formative review by peers, teachers

•edit media•assemble all media into one product

•mix, add transitions, titles

•final edit of product

•credits, citations

•showing in class, community

•web posting

•local TV?•JUMP•DVD?•notifying others

- GOING DIGITAL, BASIC PROCESS -

Pre-production Production

Performance Distribution

•get recipe•consult others

•read through process

•gather ingredients

•make dough

•make frosting

•assemble•bake•let cool

•frost•decorate•add candles•credits, citations for those who helped

•cut the cake

•distribute, share

•seconds anyone?

•take leftovers to work

•share recipe

- MAKING A CAKE, BASIC PROCESS -Post-production

Typical digital story (for now)•2-4 minutes•uses “standard” (usually cheap) end user gear

•still pictures (scanned objects, old photos, digital photos)

•voice-over narration•titles, transitions, music

Emerging digital stories…•video, green screen… •oral storytelling, original art, music…

•voice-over animation…•VR? holography? haptics? etc?•interactivity, games…•distributed, shared stories…

…whatever comes, we will tell find ways to tell stories with it…

Digital

Where…?

Traditional DEOST

?Media scale

• performance, role of human voice…?• level, role of technology…?• amount, kind of editing…?

Kinds of digital stories…

Finding resources…

- images, pictures…

- voice-over; self, interviews

- software additions: transitions and titles…

- music, sounds, noises, found sound…

- video, animation perhaps…

Basic ingredients?

- digital photos…

- image services…

- scanned images…

- scanned things…

- video, video still shots…

Finding images…?

- photos, greeting cards, letters, report cards, personal papers…

- fabric, jewelry, keys, watches, medals…any small object…

- flowers, leaves, book covers, hair braids, drawings, mementos, art work, wall paper… anything

Adapted from DIGITALES by Bernajean Porter

What can you scan…?

- lesson plans, portfolios…

- student work, text books…

- parent comments, school board minutes, report cards…

- primary, secondary sources…

- web sites, blogs…

Curriculum images…?

- voice over, interviews, poetry readings, sound track from old videos, web sounds, effects…

Whence come sounds, music?

- found sounds, recording and/or processing sounds…

- animationstation.com- backgroundcity.com- creativecommons.org- freefoto.com- freegraphics.com- freephotographs.net- fresherimage.com- office/microsoft.com- pics4learning.com- stockedphotos.com

- freemusic.com- freeplaymusic.com- Google (burp+sound)- ljudo.com- pacdy.com/sounds/

index.html- sounddogs.com- stonewashed.net/sfx.htm

- wavecentral.com

Graphics Sounds, music

Web resources…?

• Works, pictures, diagrams and web resources referenced in presentations are identified in the following slides.

• Those referenced in black are those more often used in the “Digital Storytelling” presentation. Those referenced in red are those more often used in the “Then What?” presentation. Those referenced in green are those more often used in the “Teachies are from Venus, Techies are from Mars” presentation. However, presentations are always in a state of evolution, and any resource may appear in any presentation.

• Every effort has been made to identify sources, obtain permission, provide compensation when required, and respect copyright.

• You are free to use the content in this presentation for non-commercial, in-house, informal purposes. Please include this “works cited” section if you do.

• Feel free to contact me.

Works cited

Diagrams, books cited

Bloom, Benjamin, and David Krathwohl. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. New York: Longmans, Green, 1956.

Breneman, Lucille, and Bren Breneman. Once Upon a Time - A Storytelling Handbook. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1983.

Brown, John Seely, Stephen Denning, Katalina Groh, and Laurence Prusak. Storytelling in Organizations. Oxford: Heinemann, 2005.

Campbell, Joseph, and Krathwohl. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973.

Denning, Stephen. The Springboard - How Storytelling Ignites Action in Knowledge-Era Organizations. Oxford: Heinemann, 2001.

Dillingham, Brett. "Performance Literacy." The Reading Teacher. Sept. 2005: 72-75.

Egan, Kiernan, and . Teaching as Story Telling. Chicago: Chicago Press, 1989.

Freytag. Die Technik des Dramas (Technique of Drama). 1863.

Goodman, Steven. Teaching Youth Media. New York: Teacher's College Press, 2003.

Works cited

Diagrams, books cited, continued…

Kay, A. (1996). “Revealing the elephant: The use and misuse of computers in education.”Sequence, 31(4), 1-2.

Lambert, Joe. Digital Storytelling Cookbook and Traveling Companion. 3 ed. Berkeley: Digital Diner Press, 2003.

McKee, John. Story- Substance, Structure, Style and the Principles of Screenwriting. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.

McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extensions of man. New York: McGraw-Hill.

MomaDay, N. Scott. House Made of Dawn. New York: HarperCollins, 1969.

Nueroff, Laura Joffe. If You Give a Mouse a Cookie: New York: Laura Geringer, 1985.

Porter, Bernajean. Digitales: The Art of Telling Digital Stories. Sedalia: Porter Publications, 2004.

Simmons, Annette. The Story Factor. Cambridge: Perseus Books, 1997.

Tarantino, Quentin. Pulp Fiction. 1994.

Telford, Kenneth. Aristotle Poetics, Translation and Analysis. Chicago: Regenery, 1970.

Theodosakis, Nikos. Director in the Classroom. San Diego: Tech4Learning Publishing, 2001.

Toelken, Barre. "The Icebergs of Folktale: Misconception, Misuse, Abuse." Who Says? Essays on Pivotal Issues in Contemporary Storytelling. Ed. Carol Birch. Little Rock: August House, 1996. 35-63.

Works cited, cont.

Resources citedGraphics, photos, from Clipart.com (thru an annual fee):• Alarm clock: 21767547-alarmClock.jpg• Angry lady: fear-anger-lady-19066489.jpg• Art the artitst: peck048j.thb.jpg• Baby with luminescent computer: 32354173babyComputer.jpg• Ball and chain: BallAndChain-1835320.jpg• Brainstorming: sy17981.thb.brainstorm.jpg• Comedy-tragedy-masks: 21724700drama.thb.jpg• Committee: 2359488committee.jpg• Virtual Community: g0166537.thb-virtual-community.jpg• Computer director: 20856935director.jpg• Credo: crctr573.thb.oldman.jpg• Crowd: 2541410.crowd.jpg• Digital camera (part of media collage in bubble): 20076414digital.jpg• Dragon on knight’s chest: 14697971dragon.jpg• Fear cartoon: 14753071-fear.jpg• GarageSale-Stuff: 1722608.garage.sale5.jpg• Guy with idea light bulb: 3049773-idea.jpg• Guy balancing computers: 20207046.thb-balance.jpg• Hammerguy: Microsoft stock clip art• Hearts arguing; 20436442-heartsArguing.jpg• Kid in movie theater: 19016181theater.jpg• Kid painting: kid-painting-20160430.gif• Kid thinking 30899756kidThinking.thb.jpg• Kid with A+ paper: 22316907evaluation.thb.jpg

Resources, cont.Graphics, photos, from Clipart.com (thru an annual fee):• Kid with magnifying glass: 19121841evaluation2.jpg.• Kids behind Edwina: 4144104.happy.children.jpg.• Kim: 3242484.cyber-chick3.jpg; composite, all elments unknown.• Knight: 19884228knight.jpg.• Looking For: 21031472lookingFor.jpg.• Man crawling: 00a.thm.man.crawling.gif.• Man and son: 1840568.father.and.son.jpg.• Man Hitting computer: 14727973.hitting.computer.jpg.• Mind, Idea, lightbulb: 3049773-idea.jpg.• Mr. Big: weath031.thb.mr.big.jpg.• Mr. Big’s lawn chair: 1943880.lawn.chair.jpg.• Ouch: Ouch-22029918.jpgstairs.jpg.• Puppet stage: punchnjudy-22091633.gif.• School bus: 21071624-schoolBus.jpg.• Storyteller to child in bed, g0165059.thb.• Sunglasses on kid: 21793429sunglasses.jpg.• Sunglasses: 20677551sunglasses.jpg.• Sunset (Arizona Magazine): 1116818.sunset.jpg.• Teacher in purple jacket; file name unknown.• Theater audience: 19016493theaterAudience.jpg.• Willamina: wrkwm069.thb.preacher.woman-1.jpg.• William on ledge of objectivity: 741289.mr.big.ledge.jpg.• Woman storyteller: g0165059.thb.storytelling.jpg.• Yin-yang-3074759.jpg.

Resources, cont.Graphics, photos, from sources other than Clipart.com:• 4Ts lady: source unknown.• Brad Pitt photo: int001y.jpg; site unknown.• Computer heads, man & woman: source unknown.• Cow lips: http://212.43.196.62/pix/pix_tn/CowLips.jpg• Crazy man: crazy.jpg; source unknown.• Edwina Tech: basic-info-librarians.gif; origin unknown.• Fourth R on easel - citation lost.• Hannah, with permission from parents.• Oil can man: source unknown.• Picture of Don King/Howard Dean on stage before a crowd, from Chris Bischoff

(chris@clbischoff.com).• Savoonga kids (with permission from parents), 1997.• Sticking tongue out (baby)- source unknown.• Then What? cover, by Jeri Smith, 2001.

Resources, cont.Graphics, photos, from other sources other than Clipart.com:• Totem Pole picture by Dodge, Jack and Mary. "picture of Mary at totem pole ." Travel:

Americas: US: Alaska, Kenai Fjords. June 2004. jackandmaryetc.com. 07 Apr. 2006. <http://jackmaryetc.com/Travel/US/Alaska/Alaska1.htm>.

• Wearing computer: Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 86, No. 11, November, 1998 WearComp as a new framework for Intelligent Signal Processing Steve Mann, 1998 (found at http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wearcam.org/wearcomp4small.jpg&imgrefurl=http://wearcam.org/hi/&h=1024&w=700&sz=68&tbnid=vX8sgpcVWZtccM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=102&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwearcomp%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DG).

Web sources citedCopyright source info from web

1. Harper, Georgia. "Fair Use Guidelines For Educational Multimedia." Multimedia Fair Use Guideline (CCUMU). University of Texas General Counsel Office. 04 Apr. 2006 <http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/ccmcguid.htm#5>.

2. "Copyright Basics." Copyright Kids!. Copyright Kids. 04 Apr. 2006 <http://www.copyrightkids.org/cbasicsframes.htm>.

3. "Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Format." OWL at Purdue University: Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Format. Online Writing Lab (OWL), Purdue University. 03 Apr. 2006 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.html>.

Other resources

• Adams, Kenn. The Story Spine. One source for this is: <http://www.creativityzone.ca/ResourceZone_Subpages/Games_Subpages/01.html>

• Christenson, Michael. Adapt-a-Map, story map created of an advertisement for Media Literacy class, 2005.

• Microsoft clipart.• Storyboard template: <http://www.csupomona.edu/~wcweber/325/storybd.htm>

This is version 5 of this presentation. Original file name: dst-V5.ppt. Saved online as dst-master.ppt. Last modified April 22, 2006.

Digital Storytelling Digital stories in the classroom …a telling experience A digital storytelling...

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