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Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen. Experience in Space Programs
Uldis Stirna, Ugis Cabulis, Anda Fridrihsone
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
• founded in 1946• 120 employees
• 32 doctors of science• turnover 2.0 mil. EUR
The main scientific research are based on the beneficial and ecologically balanced technologies aimed at maximum and sustainable usage of the plant biomass potential.
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
Polymer laboratory Present
EVolution BioPurFil
Polymer laboratory History
•The first activities in polyurethane chemistry in 1964,• In PUR chemistry and technology 40 years,• Main activities in field – PUR from renewable raw materials: tall oil, oxalic acid, different vegetable oils, starch.
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
Polymer laboratory
History Present
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
LH2 & LOX Tank Configuration
for the Upper Stage
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
Cryogenic Insulation Requirements• Thermal: heat flux < 0.2 W/m² h minimized boil-off mass low
therm.conductivity especcially in cryogenic regime required.• Resistance against aerothermal heating: > 10kW/m² & higher no significant
degradation low flammability self extinguishing.• Thermal expansion: difference in thermal expansion of substrates and
insulation shall be low.• Cryo-pumping: low or negligible influenced by morphological structure• Mechanical properties:
- Tensile strength (avoid crack formation due to thermal and pressure loads),- Compressive strength difficult in cryo regime,- Shear strength loads from flow field in outer layer and I/F to substrate.
• Permeability: limit concentration of hazardous gases and those which can degrade thermal performance compatibility to purging gases (He + N2).
• Mass & volume: m< 2.2kg/m², thickness < 60mm.• Other requirements: pollution during ground & flight recurring costs.
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
External Tank
Insulation Cryogenic Resistance
SOFI Material Deffects
SOFI Material Morphology
Chemical Structure and Mc of Foam
Material Polymer Matrix
Foams Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Thermal Stresses and Thermal Strain Properties
Thermal and Diffusion Properties (Cryopumping)
SOFI Material Technological Parameters
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
0 500 1000 1500Mc
Ten
sile
str
eng
th, M
Pa
296 K
77 K
Conv
entio
nal P
U fo
ams
Mc influence on mechanical characteristics
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
0
10
20
30
0 500 1000 1500Mc
Elo
ng
atio
n a
t b
reak
, %
296 K
77 K
Conventional PU foams
Mc influence on mechanical characteristics
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 500 1000 1500
KS
Mc
Conventional foams
Mc influence on mechanical characteristics Cryogenic foams
Ks = e77 / Dl77-300
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
-
+
The middle layer during the flight should perform mainly the functions of a good thermal insulation material
The layer adjacent to the metal (the cold part), are especially important – this layer should be capable of resisting the tensile stress, which arises as the LH2 tank is fuelled
The upper layer of spray PUR performs mainly the heat protection functions
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
Thermal Conductance Measurements at Cryogenic Temperatures
Sample 1 Sample 2
Heater Plate
Calorymeter
Cryostat
Liquid Hydrogen
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
Cooperation with EADS Astrium GmbH since 2005, the following common projects were done:
2005No. M15/4500089060Feasibility Study on Cryogenic Insulation materials and Technologies
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
2006 - 07No. 06/ASTRIUM GmbH / Latvian C3B / 0001Feasibility Study , Preparation of the First Feasability Tests
2007 - 08No. 07/ASTRIUM GmbH / Latvian C3B / 0001C3B – Technologies for re-ignitable cryogenic upper stages, Internal Insulation (ITI)
2006No. 06/EADS-ST GmbH/ Latvian / 1 / D.2371.01Bacground study
2009 - 10No. 09/ASTRIUM GmbH / LSIWC-Success/0001Continuation of External Cryogenic Insulation (ETI) Development
2007 - 08No. 07/ASTRIUM GmbH / Latvian C3B / 0002External Thermal Insulation (ETI)
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga15
15
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen
Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application” , Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga
Thank you for attention !
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