View
214
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Destruction of Old Chemical Bombs
using DAVINCHTM
at Kanda, Japan
CWD 2007, Brussels, May 2007
Takashi WASHIDAand Ryusuke KITAMURA*
Kobe Steel, Ltd.
Introduction: Kanda Port Chemical Weapons Destruction Project
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Construction
Destruction
2003 2004 2005 2006
Contract
Phase 1
57 bombs
Phase 2
538 bombs
Phase 3
659 bombs
Contract Contract
•Beginning of the project: Chemical bombs were found in dredging work in Kanda Port in 2000•Operation was started in 2004•Destruction results from 2004 and 2005 and the technologies were reported in CWD2005 and CWD2006•Operation and the findings in 2006 are to be reported in this presentation
Outline of the presentation
1. Overview of chemical weapons destruction in Kanda
2. Overview of DAVINCH system3. Record of destruction4. Improvements/findings
1. Overview of Chemical weapons destruction in Kanda
The operation includes;
Detection
Recovery
Transportation
Destruction
of sea-dumped OCW from
WW2 in Kanda Port
Kanda
JapanTokyo
Kobe
Kussharo
Samukawa
Schematic Flow of Kanda Chemical Weapons Destruction Facility
to ConventionalWaste TreatmentFacility
Identification
drain
TemporaryStorage
VP
Hold Tank
Combustion Furnace
Fragments
drain
charcoal
Off-gasTreatment
munitions
Kanda Port
recovery
DAVINCHTM
Transportation
uncovering
detectionVacuum pump
Destruction
50cm
10cm
Burster Booster FuseChemical agent
(368g, DA, DC)
15kg Red Bomb
Fuse
1m
Chemical agent
50kg yellow bomb
(18L, Mustard + Lewisite)
20cm
BoosterBurster(2.3kg of High explosives)
(1.3kg of High explosives)
Chemical Bombs Recovered in Kanda Port
Outline of the presentation
1. Overview of chemical weapons destruction in Kanda
2. Overview of DAVINCH system3. Record of destruction4. Improvements/findings
Overview of DAVINCHTM
systemDetonation of Ammunition in a Vacuum Integrated Chamber
Controlled detonation system developed for chemical weapons destruction
How does it work ?
DAVINCH detonation chamber
Munitions (CA,HE) Donor charge Vacuuming
Minimum oxygen supply
Detonation
Detonation off-gas(CO, H2, etc.)
Solid wastes
Munitions (CA and HE) Munitions (CA and HE) are destroyedare destroyed
All valves are closed to isolate the chamber
• High Pressure=10GPa• High temperature=3000K
By utilizing explosive energy for destruction of chemical agent
High Destruction Efficiency
for off gas for fragments and dust
Destruction Efficiency > 99.9999% > 99.99%
Outline of the presentation
1. Overview of chemical weapons destruction in Kanda
2. Overview of DAVINCH system3. Record of destruction4. Improvements/findings
3. Record of destruction- Old Chemical Bombs Destroyed in Kanda
Red Bombs
Yellow Bombs
2004 57 bombs 17 40
2005 538 bombs 466
560
1,043
72
2006 659 bombs 99
total 1,254 bombs 211
•About 670 chemical bombs were destroyed in 2006
•Total of more than 1200 chemical bombs since 2004
Outline of the presentation
1. Overview of chemical weapons destruction in Kanda
2. Overview of DAVINCH system3. Record of destruction4. Improvements/findings
4. Improvements/findings
• High accuracy magnetometer detection-software improvement
• Two multi detonation modes - sequential and simultaneous multi detonation
• Behavior of arsenic on chamber material• Demonstration of Cold Plasma Oxidizer
for off-gas treatment
High Accuracy Magnetometer Detection
Data Recorder
Magnetometer Detection Probe
Detection Operation
FRP-composite Detection Boat
Tug Boat
Magnetic Anomaly Map
Destruction Destruction FacilityFacility
Location of Work AreaArea Surveyed by Area Surveyed by
High Accuracy High Accuracy Magnetic DetectionMagnetic Detection
(650 ha)(650 ha)
Kanda Port, Fukuoka Pref. Japan
Long
Big
Small
Chemical bomb or medium size waste
Medium
Short
Data acquired by magnetometer
North
Not North
Waste
Magneticanomaly pattern
Diameter offerrous sphere
Distance of dipole
Magnetization direction
PotentialChemical BombWasteWasteLarge
WasteNew
WasteSmall Waste
Identification Flow ChartData processing software was improved in many aspects including compensation of the disturbance of wave to improve the accuracy of locating anomalies
Result of Magnetic Detection and UncoveringSuspicious Chemical Bomb12,411 (8.2%)
Suspicious Scrap138,790 (91.8%)
Chemical Bomb399 (15%)
Other scrap2,262 (85%)
Total2,661
Uncovered points up to March 2007 2,661
Points where chemical bombs were found 399
Total magnetic anomaly points 151,201
Points of suspicious chemical bomb 12,411
Results of Uncovering by DiversResults of Magnetic Detection
Total151,201
Multi Detonation
3 detonations(3 x 10 kg)
2 detonations(2 x 15kg)
1 detonation(1 x 30kg)
• One of the basic feature of DAVINCH detonation chamber
• Enables larger throughput without enlarging the diameter– Longer chamber for
more charges, larger throughput
• Reduces the impact and damage to the chamber
• Two modes– sequential detonation:
Inpact reduction (example of detonation of 30kg-TNTeq.)
For higher throughput
Sequential and simultaneous multi detonation
0.18 msec
0.39 msec
1.05 msec
1.20 msec
1.41 msec
2.04 msec
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(a) Sequential Multi Detonation
0.18 msec
0.36 msec
0.48 msec
0.96 msec
1.14 msec
2.31 msec
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(b) Simultaneous Multi Detonation
Sequential Simultaneous
0 msec
0 msec
Outer chamberInner chamber
Sequential and simultaneous multi detonationsimulation result
Sequential Simultaneous
Video Video
Example of simulation result – pressure contour
Tested on actual detonation chamber (next slide)
No significant difference in strain of the chamber
Sequential and simultaneous multi detonation- no significant difference in fatigue damage
Fatigue damage by best-fit curve (bottom of nozzel on head)
1.00E-09
1.00E-08
1.00E-07
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
NEQ (kg-TNTeq)
Fatig
ue d
amag
e by
one
sho
t
Single2-sequential3-sequential2-simultaneous
Behavior of arsenic in metallic composition of inner chamber
Outer View of Inner Chamber (test piece removed)
Inner Wall
• After 280 shots, no big damage was found.• Test pieces were cut from the inner chamber to be
investigated, no arsenic intrusion in the chamber material– No limitation for disposal– No embrittlement of the material
Analysis of arsenic in inner chamber material- no intrusion to the chamber material
Inner surface
SEM image O mapping
As mapping Fe mapping
Metallic Iron
Resin phaseOxide layerOuter surface
Demonstration of off-gas treatment by Cold Plasma Oxidizer
Detonation off- gas (CO, H2, etc.)
No chemical agent of detectable level
Clean off-gas (CO2, H2O, etc.)
DAVINCH detonation chamber
Off-gas treatment systemCold
Plasma Oxidizer
Cold Plasma Oxidizer• Compact
– 1/5 in size compared to conventional combustor
• Smaller exhaust gas volume than conventional combustor– No supplementary fuel necessary
• High efficiency– CO, H2 = ND
• Low power requirement – 600W
• Rapid start-up– 20 - 30 min
Cold plasma arcVIDEO •Electron
temperature 10,000 deg.C
•Combustion temperature 1,700 deg.C (with oxygen)1,500 deg.C (with air)
CO concentration of output gas
0
50
100
150
200
250
500 550 600 650 700
Reactor Bottom Temperature (degree C)
CO
con
cent
ratio
n ( ppm
)
Summary• About 670 chemical bombs were destroyed successfully
in 2006, more than 1,200 in total since 2004• Magnetometer detection system including data analysis
software was further improved • Simultaneous multi detonation was tested and there was
no significant difference in fatigue damage compared to sequential detonation– Detonation system can be further simplified
• Behavior of arsenic on inner chamber material was investigated, no arsenic intrusion into the inner chamber material– No limitation for disposal arise from arsenic– No effect to the strength
• The capability of Cold Plasma Oxidizer to treat detonation off-gas was demonstrated
Recommended