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PJM©2009PJM Confidential
Demand Response in the PJM Synchronized Reserve Market: Experience and Prospects
Andrew Ott Senior Vice President – Markets May 21, 2009
PJM©20092PJM Confidential538840
Ancillary Services
• Regulation - a automated response service that resources offer to provide fine tuning for power balance that is necessary for effective system frequency control
• Synchronzed Reserve – quick response service that resources offer to maintain grid reliability during system events (i.e. large generator trip or low Area Control Error)
PJM©20093PJM Confidential538840
Energy is Co-optimized with Regulation and Synchronized Reserve in Unit Dispatch Software
Unit MW & Regulating Capability
Resource Instructions/AssignmentsDispatch
InstructionsSync. Res. / Reg. Assignments
EMSUDS
Dispatch,Sync. Res.,RegulationSignal
Markets Database
ResourceOwner
State Estimator Solution
DMT
DMT=Dispatcher Management Tool
UDS =Unit Dispatch System
EMS=Energy Management System
Web Interface
Settlement Database
Bids / Offers Assignments
PJM©20094PJM Confidential538840
Resource Dispatch in Real-time Operations
PJM generates dispatch Signal, synchronized reserve
assignment and regulation signal
GenerationOperation
CenterGeneration Operation
Center
Curtailment Service Provider
GenUnit
GenUnit
GenUnit
GenUnit
GenUnit
Flex. Load
Flex. Load
Unit Dispatch Instructions
Unit Dispatch Instructions
Load Dispatch Instructions
Response Total MW Spin and regulation
Response Total MW Spin and regulation
Response Total MW Spin and regulation
PJM©20095PJM Confidential538840
Demand Response Participation in Ancillary Service Markets
• Examples of Customer Response to provide synchronized reserve
Industrials – required more automated controls on production lines and processes Hospitals – installed control systems on backup facilities and integrated them with building control systemUniversities – Installed more advanced building control systems, also installed integration technology for building control systems to manage demand across multiple buildings
PJM©20096PJM Confidential538840
Participating Resources
Generation• Steam• Hydro• CT• Nuclear• Landfill• Other• Wind
Demand Side Response• Business Services• Chemical• College/University• Foodservice• Hospital• Manufacturing• Metalworks• Nursing Home
• Pharmaceuticals• Recreational• Scrap Metal• Stone/Cement• Telecommunications• Tools/Machinist• Waste Management• Water Utility
PJM©20097PJM Confidential538840
0
100
200
300
400
500
2006 2007 2008
116 129
410
MW Certified Maximum MW offered in single hour
Demand Resources Certified as Synchronized Reserve
As of December, 2008 the Market had 81 Active Registered DR Participants, some of these have multiple sites
PJM©20098PJM Confidential538840
Demand Side Response as Synchronized Reserve
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
Aug-
06
Sep-
06
Oct
-06
Nov-
06
Dec
-06
Jan-
07
Feb-
07
Mar
-07
Apr-0
7
May
-07
Jun-
07
Jul-0
7
Aug-
07
Sep-
07
Oct
-07
Nov-
07
Dec
-07
Jan-
08
Feb-
08
Mar
-08
Apr-0
8
May
-08
Jun-
08
Jul-0
8
Aug-
08
Sep-
08
Oct
-08
Nov-
08
Dec
-08
Jan-
09
Feb-
09
Mar
-09
MW
H Cl
eare
d
Dolla
rs
DSR Participation in PJM Synchronized Reserve Markets
Total Payments MWh Cleared
PJM©20099PJM Confidential538840
Synchronous Reserve Event Participation 10+Min Events, 2002 - Present
Generators Demand Side Response
PJM©2009PJM Confidential
Mid-Atlantic Grid Interactive Car Consortium Demonstration Project
• Mid-Atlantic Grid Interactive Car Consortium (MAGICC) – electric companies, research institutes, and vehicle manufacturers
• Over one year experience with the MAGICC battery electric vehicle responding to the PJM regulation signal
10
PJM©200911PJM Confidential538840
AES grid-scale energy storage system
Operational Details• Altairnano, Inc – Lithium Ion nano titanate battery
• Energy: 300 kWh• Efficiency: 90% round trip
• Power: 1 MW for 15 minutes • Usable Charge Range: 5% - 99%
Ancillary Services Unit
Powered by:
Delivering grid stability…
Hosted by:
PJM©200912PJM Confidential538840
Findings: RTO REG signal does not take full advantage of the capability of the resource
PJM©200913PJM Confidential538840
PJM proposed modified REG signaling should allow for very high service rate from limited energy resources
RTO REG RTO ACE EAST REG Modified
Consistently net negative (with long durations in one direction) which fill or drain the battery
Very balanced and could make a great signal for limited energy resources
A PJM proposed, frequency focused, REG nearly as balanced as pure ACE
Performance:Model: 52%Actual: 52%
Performance:Model: 92%Actual: Not available for test
Performance:Model: 93%Actual: TBD
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