DAQ and Signal Processing - National...

Measurement and Signal Processing

Seminar

2

Agenda

• About National Instruments

• ACQUIRE

Different hardware platforms for different applications

• ANALYSE

Various programming approaches for analysis needs

• PRESENT

Professional report and User Interface creation

3

NI HQ

National Instruments • Leading supplier of computer-based

measurement and automation

• Approx. 5,500 employees in over 40 countries

• Customers in over 30,000 companies

• Investment in R&D: 16% of annual revenue

• Over 600 certified NI Alliance Partners

4

The NI Approach to Meeting Today’s Challenges

Low-Cost, Modular

Measurement and

Control Hardware

Productive Software

Development Tools

Highly Integrated,

Expandable Platforms

Used by thousands of engineers and scientists for automated test,

industrial control, and embedded design applications.

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• Ab 20. März 2010:

Ausbrüche an

verschiedenen Stellen

• Ab 14. April Sperrung des

Flugverkehrs in Europa

• Ab wann ist eine sichere

Freigabe wieder möglich?

Eyjafjallajökull

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Eyjafjallajökull

• Wanted: Measurement and analysis system Flexible

Portable

Powerful

Rugged

User-defined programming of measurement and analysis capabilities

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Eyjafjallajökull

• Needed: Ash concentration / composition on location

• Solution: Software-defined PXI-based measurement system

GPS synchronized acquisition of laser reflections

Tests and analysis automated with NI LabVIEW

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Virtual Instrumentation:

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A Single, Unified Platform

Global Services and Support

System Management Software NI TestStand, Switch Executive, DIAdem, Requirements Gateway

LabWindows/CVI Measurement Studio

Drivers and Measurement Services NI-DAQmx, NI-VISA, Measurement and Automation Explorer (MAX)

LabVIEW

Instrument

Communication Modular Instruments Programmable

Automation Controllers

Data Acquisition and

Signal Conditioning

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LabVIEW: Graphical System Design

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LabVIEW: Graphical System Design

Textual Math

Parallel

I/O integration

Statecharts

Timing

Simulation

Data Flow

C and HDL Code

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DEMO with X-Series 3 Icon

Present Analyze Acquire

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Present Analyze Acquire

14

Components of DAQ System

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Requirements for Modern Measurement Systems

Requirements vary greatly depending on application area

Complexity / Precision

Typical requirements of today’s complex systems:

•High channel count, distributed

measurements

•High digitizer speeds, high resolution

•RF technology (smart phones, GPS)

Typical requirements of today’s simple systems:

•Plug-and-play experience

•Little or no programming

•Short time to first measurement

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DEMO with X-Series

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What can the X-series PXIe/USB really do ?

• 16 AI, 16-bit, 2MS/s per channel simultaneous sampling (64MB/s per

PXIe card !)

• 4 AO, 16-bit, 3.33MS/s per channel

• 4 counters, 32-bit 100MHz (for frequency, period, pulse and encoder

measurements)

• „Buffered” (sampled) CTR measurements (for synchronized hybrid AIO/DIO

systems)

• Retriggered measurements

• Individual DIO clock/timebase

• Possibility to synchronize AI+AO+DI+DO+CI+CO

• Muliti-board acquisition/synchronization (in PXIe no external clock cables)

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Ethernet CompactDAQ For remote distributed measurement systems

NI CompactDAQ system with

Gigabit Ethernet connectivity and

familiar NI-DAQmx driver support

Simple network connectivity

with “Zeroconf Networking“

Configuration with Web

interface

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DEMO with NI 9188

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Ethernet CompactDAQ Possible network architectures

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7 Hardware-Timed Streams with NI-STC3

• Built-In Timing Engines

3 Analog Input

1 Analog Output

1 Digital Input

1 Digital Output

• Additional Timing Sources

Counter/Timers

External PFI Lines

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New 1-Slot CompactDAQ Chassis

NI cDAQ-9181

1-Slot Ethernet Chassis NI cDAQ-9171

1-Slot USB Chassis

NI cDAQ-9191

1-Slot Wi-Fi Chassis

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Application Areas for Distributed Measurement Systems

Energy Efficiency Smart grid, power monitoring

Environmental Monitoring CO2 emission, climate change

Structural Health Monitoring Bridge infrastructure, building monitoring

Industrial Measurements Machine monitoring, hazardous area measurements

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Distributed System in Hard to Access Fields

•Cutting wires, cuts cost

•Eliminating wires simplifies installation

•Addressing needs of new applications

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WSN System Architecture:

Hardware

WSN Ethernet

Gateway

Voltage

Temperature

Host

Controller

Up to 300m

WSN

Measurement

Nodes

Host

Controller

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WSN System Architecture:

Hardware

WSN Ethernet

Gateway

Voltage

Temperature

NI Ethernet

Switch

Wired Measurements

Wireless Measurements

One Program…

Up to 300m

WSN

Measurement

Nodes

Host

Controller

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WSN System Architecture:

Hardware

WSN Ethernet

Gateway

Voltage

Temperature

Host

Controller NI Ethernet

Switch

Wired Measurements

Wireless Measurements

One Program…

Up to 300m

WSN

Measurement

Nodes

Host

Controller

Can work as

Stand-Alone

or Wired

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NI WSN-9791 Wireless Sensor Network Ethernet Gateway

Features

• 2.4 GHz, IEEE 802.15.4 radio

• 10/100 Ethernet

• Outdoor range up to 300 m

• 9-30 VDC power input

Specifications

• 2U Compact Form Factor

• Panel or DIN rail mounting

• Industrial ratings

• Operating temperature -30 to 70 ºC

• 50 grms shock 5 g vibration

• Status LEDs

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NI 9792: Programmable WSN Gateway

• Basically a cRIO controller +

WSN gateway

• 533MHz processor, 2GB

onboard storage

• 2.4GHz radio

• Integrated Web Server

• Dual Ethernet, USB, Serial

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• Elegantly add wireless I/O to your NI CompactRIO system

• Insert into any slot in your CompactRIO chassis

• With the LabVIEW WSN Module, you can deploy graphical code to perform onboard analysis of strain data or perform local query, command, and parse algorithms on the serial nodes

WSN C Series Gateway

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New NI WSN Nodes

• NI WSN 3226 RTD Node for resistance-based

measurements

(RTDs, thermistors, potentiometers)

• NI WSN-3214 4 Ch, Quarter-/Half-/Full-Bridge

and Strain Gage Node ideal for wireless

structural health monitoring applications

• NI WSN-3230/3231 Programmable 1-Port

RS232/RS485 Serial Node, programmable,

autonomous interface to serial sensors,

instruments, and control boards

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NI WSN Nodes power consumption

• Low power consumption

(ready for energy harvesting)

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NI WSN radio standard features

• NI WSN protocol is based on IEEE 802.15.4

and ZigBee technology

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DEMO with WSN

Temperature RTD Solar Cell

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NI WSN awards

• Winner in the "I/O Systems - Wireless" category

of the Control Engineering Engineer's Choice

Award for 2010

• Design News Golden Mousetrap Award for

Best Product

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Range of Applications

1 to 10,000 Sensors (and beyond!)

USB Single Channel DAQ

USB and PCI DAQ NI CompactDAQ SCXI PXI and SC Express

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The ISIS Proton Synchrotron: Beam Data Acquisition and

Analysis Using NI PXI and LabVIEW

"With guidance from NI engineers, we rapidly created easy-to-use,

well-designed LabVIEW user interfaces to control the systems and

process and display data. These PXI-based systems have contributed

towards a 20 percent increase in accelerator performance."

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Analysis functions

Channel count and properties

Processing power

Software-defined analysis function

Additional modules

Controller performance

Software-Defined Measurement Systems Comparison with Traditional Instruments (Box Devices)

Acquisition

Display

Settings

Processing / Analysis

Vendor-defined User-defined

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PXI – A Standardized Measurement Platform

High flexibility

High performance

Low costs

Compact design

Longevity

Scalability

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Software-Defined Measurement Systems Modular Instruments for

Custom Development of Measurement Systems D

C p

ow

er s

up

ply

Osc

illo

sco

pe

Dig

ital

mu

ltim

eter

Fu

nct

ion

gen

erat

or

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Data Acquisition and Control

Multifunction I/O

Analog Input/Output

Digital I/O

Counter/Timer

FPGA/Reconfigurable I/O

Machine Vision

Motion Control

Signal Conditioning

Temperature

Strain/Pressure/Force/Load

Synchro/Resolver

LVDT/RVDT

Many More. . .

Modular Instrumentation

Digital Waveform Generator

Digital Waveform Analyzer

Digital Multimeter

LCR Meter

Oscilloscope/Digitizer

Source/Signal Generator

Switching

RF Signal Generator

RF Signal Analyzer

RF Power Meter

Frequency Counter

Programmable Power Supply

Many More. . .

Bus Interfaces

Ethernet, USB, FireWire

SATA, ATA/IDE, SCSI

GPIB

CAN, DeviceNet

Serial RS-232, RS-485

VXI/VME

Boundary Scan/JTAG

MIL-STD-1553, ARINC

PCMCIA/CardBus

PMC

Profibus

LIN

Many More. . .

Others

IRIG-B, GPS

Direct-to-Disk

Reflective Memory

DSP

Optical

Resistance Simulator

Fault Insertion

Prototyping/Breadboard

Graphics

Audio

Many More. . .

PXI Products. . .Over 1,500 and Counting

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PXI – A Standardized Measurement Platform From Laboratory via Industry and Mobile Applications

Mobile/Embedded Laboratory

• Manufacturing test

• Design validation

• DAQ systems

• Hardware-in-the-Loop

• Mobile test systems

• Design validation

• Rapid control prototyping

Industry

• Production test

• DAQ systems

• Machine condition

monitoring

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4-Slot PXI Express Chassis

NI PXIe-1071

•NI PXIe-1071

•Up to 4 slot wide embedded or

remote controller

•3 peripherial modules

•x4 PCI Express connection

•Peripherial slots accept PXI Express

or PXI hybrid-compatible

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9-Slot PXI Express Chassis

NI PXIe-1078

•NI PXIe-1078

•Up to 4 slot wide embedded or

remote controller

•8 peripherial modules

•x1 PCI Express connection

•Peripherial slots accept PXI Express

or PXI hybrid-compatible

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Common PXI timing infrastructure

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DEMO with PXI

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The Role of Signal Processing, Analysis and Math

Acquire Present

Signal Processing, Analysis and Math:

Fundamental Components of

Virtual Instrumentation and Graphical System Design

Analyze

50

Three Common Data Processing Strategies

Inline Data Processing

Data processing occurs in the same

application as data acquisition.

Inline Data Processing Example

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Three Common Data Processing Strategies

Inline Data Processing

Data processing occurs in the same

application as data acquisition.

Offline Data Processing

Data processing occurs in a separate

application from data acquisition.

Offline Data Processing Example

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Three Common Data Processing Strategies

Hybrid Processing Example

Hybrid Data Processing

Only imperative processing is done inline before data

is saved to file for offline processing at a later time.

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Built-in VIs for Signal Processing, Analysis and Math

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Built-in VIs for Signal Processing, Analysis and Math

• Signal Processing & Analysis Waveform Generation

Waveform Conditioning

Waveform Monitoring

Waveform Measurements

Signal Generation

Signal Operations

Windows

Digital Filters

Spectral Analysis

Transforms

Point-by-Point

• Mathematics Numeric

Elementary and Special Functions

BLAS/LAPAC-based Linear Algebra

Curve Fitting

Interpolation / Extrapolation

Probability and Statistics

Optimization

Ordinary Differential Equations

Geometry

Polynomial

Formula Parsing

1D & 2D Evaluation

Calculus

Zeros

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Domain-Specific Signal Processing and Analysis

Advanced Signal

Processing

Digital Filter Design

•Wavelets Time-Series Analysis

•Independent Component Analysis

•Principal Component Analysis

•Model-Based Spectral Analysis

•Time-Frequency Analysis

•Gabor

•STFT

•FIR / IIR Filter

•Design

•Analysis

•Quantization

•Fixed-point Modeling

•Fixed-point Simulation

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Wavelet coefficients

where:

s(t) – input function

Ψ(t) – wavelet function

a – scaling coefficient

b – translation coefficient

Sum over all time of the signal

multiplied by scaled, shifted versions of

the wavelet function

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Fourier transform vs. Wavelet transform

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Wavelet Applications

• Noise removal (denoise)

• Extracting high frequency content (detrend)

• Signal compression

• Compression post-processing

• Image analysis (edge detection)

• Seismic analysis

• Engine knock detection

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DEMO with Wavelet Analysis

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Sound and Vibration Order Analysis

Distortion, Octave Analysis, Swept

Sine, S&V Level, Frequency

Measurements, Limit Testing,

Transient, Time-Domain Integration,

Weighting, Waterfall Plot, …

Order Tracking, Order Extraction,

Online Order Analysis, Order

Spectrum Selection, Tachometer

Signal Processing, Waterfall

Displays, Orbit / Polar Plots, Bode

Plots, …

Domain-Specific Signal Processing and Analysis

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DEMO with Order Tracking

DATA

Analyze

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Modulation Spectral Measurements

Analog / Digital

Modulation/Demodulation, Channel

Models, Bit Generation, Bit Error

Rate, Channel Coding, Modulation

Measurements, AWGN, Phase

Noise, Constellation Plots, Eye

Diagrams, …

Zoom FFT, Power-in-Band,

Adjacent Channel Power, Tone

Detection, …

Domain-Specific Signal Processing and Analysis

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LabVIEW for Inline Data Processing

Visualization

Reporting

Analysis

Integration

.NET Assembly, C DLL, .m File

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Solve Problems Effectively with a Variety of Programming Models

Packaging User Experience Value

Express VIs Immediate interactive feedback

Fixed functionality

Mostly configuration, minimum wiring

Ease-of-Use

Interactive

Up-and-running quickly

Waveform

Measurements

Focused domain-specific functionality,

nomenclature

Dataflow execution

Reduced wiring

Direct interface to HW

Benchtop equivalence

Follow Nyquist theorem

Array-based /

Point-by-Point

Processing

Flexible building blocks

Generic functionality, nomenclature

Dataflow execution

Requires wiring

Comprehensive

Enables custom

implementation

Interactive

MathScript

Window

Immediate feedback

Sequential execution

Command line or batch script

Textual syntax

Interactive

Implement, Debug, Optimize

Up-and-running quickly

MathScript

Node

Sequential & dataflow execution

Batch script

Textual & graphical syntax

Combined graphical / textual

experience

Graphical

Dataflow

Graphical

+ Textual

Textual

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Choose the Most Appropriate Syntax

• Graphical, Textual, or a combination

66

Choose the Most Appropriate Syntax

• Graphical, Textual, or a combination

67

Configuration-Based Analysis

Configuration window

68

• Text-based Signal Processing, Analysis and Math within LabVIEW Over 700 built-in functions

Reuse many of your .m file scripts created with The MathWorks, Inc.’s MATLAB® software and others

Based on original math from MATRIXx

• A native LabVIEW solution Does not require 3rd party software

Interactive GUI

Programmatic: Graphical plus textual math

MathScript

MATLAB® is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. All other

trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

69

Interactive Math with the MathScript Window

• Fully integrated into LabVIEW Access from LabVIEW menubar (ToolsMathScript Window) No need for 3rd party applications

• Interactive interface Enter .m file script commands,

see immediate response Open / run saved .m file scripts View:

• Text output • Command history • Variables • Plots

Textual

Output

Command

Window

MathScript

Window

Variables /

Script /

Command

History

70

Programmatic Math with the MathScript Node

• Combine graphical system design with textual math

• Implement equations and algorithms with text

• Deploy with LabVIEW graphical programming Input and Output variables created on the border

MathScript

Node

71

Instrument Your Algorithms with LabVIEW

MathScript

Window

MathScript

Node

72

DEMO with MathScript Node and Window

73

Formula Node

• Perform mathematical operations

• If statements, while loops, for loops, and

do loops

•Useful for equations that have many

variables

74

DEMO with Formula Node

75

Inline Processing with LabVIEW FPGA

Flexibility

• Reconfigurable through software

True parallel processing

• Simultaneous parallel circuits

• No CPU time sharing

High Performance

Reliability

Offload processing

Cost

Compact Vision

System PCI R Series

Multifunction RIO

FlexRIO

PXI R Series Multifunction

RIO CompactRIO

RIO Instruments Single-Board

RIO

76

Inline processing on RT and FPGA targets

Extreme Ruggedness • –40 to 70 °C temperature range • 50 g shock, 5 g vibration

Low Power Consumption • 9 to 35 VDC power, 7–10 W typical

77

Inline processing on RT and FPGA targets

• Reconfigurable FPGA for high-speed and custom I/O timing, triggering, and control

FPGA

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Inline processing on RT and FPGA targets

• Reconfigurable FPGA for high-speed and custom I/O timing, triggering, and control

• I/O modules with built-in signal conditioning for connection to sensors/actuators

FPGA

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Inline processing on RT and FPGA targets

• Reconfigurable FPGA for high-speed and custom I/O timing, triggering, and control

• Real-time processor for reliable measurement, analysis, connectivity, and control

• I/O modules with built-in signal conditioning for connection to sensors/actuators

Real-Time

Processor

FPGA

80

Inline processing in RT CPU

FPGA Xilinx

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Inline processing in RT CPU

PCI

Chassis with FPGA

O

u

t

p

u

t

s

I

n

p

u

t

s

Controller with RTOS

CPU

RAM

HDD

FPGA Xilinx

Controlled System

MATH

82

Inline processing in RT CPU

PCI

Chassis with FPGA

O

u

t

p

u

t

s

I

n

p

u

t

s

Controller with RTOS

CPU

RAM

HDD

FPGA Xilinx

Controlled System

MATH

83

Inline processing in RT CPU

PCI

Chassis with FPGA

O

u

t

p

u

t

s

I

n

p

u

t

s

Controller with RTOS

CPU

RAM

HDD

FPGA Xilinx

Controlled System

MATH

84

Inline processing in RT CPU

PCI

Chassis with FPGA

O

u

t

p

u

t

s

I

n

p

u

t

s

Controller with RTOS

CPU

RAM

HDD

FPGA Xilinx

Controlled System

MATH

85

Inline processing in FPGA

PCI

Chassis with FPGA

O

u

t

p

u

t

s

I

n

p

u

t

s

Controller with RTOS

CPU

RAM

HDD

FPGA Xylinx

Controlled System

MATH

MATH Monitoring

86

Analyze Acquire Present

87

NI DIAdem for Offline Data Processing

Ready-to-use data search and mining

Easy, flexible access to databases and files

Interactive analysis and report generation

Completely automatable environment

88

Report Results Load Data

Analyze Data Inspect Data

The Typical Data Processing

Workflow Find Data

89

The Typical Data Processing

Workflow Find Data

Load Data

Inspect Data Analyze Data

Report Results

90

DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing

Find and Load Data

91

DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing

Find and Load Data

Inspect Data

92

DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing

Find and Load Data

Inspect Data

Analyze Data

93

DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing

Find and Load Data

Inspect Data

Analyze Data

Report Results

94

DIAdem is Designed for Offline Processing

Find and Load Data

Inspect Data

Analyze Data

Report Results

Automate DIAdem

95

NI DataFinder and DataPlugin

Technology

How do I get data out of my files and into NI DIAdem for offline data processing?

96

A Scalable Data Management

Solution…

•Description •Title •Author

...etc

•Name •Comment •Unit •Sensor Info

...etc

DataPlugins extract metadata from any

custom file format (including TDMS)

NI DataFinder builds searchable

database index automatically

•UUT •Procedure

...etc

…built right into NI DIAdem for free

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1 Toolbar with various graphics

cursors

2 Group bar with various screen

partitions

3 2D axis system

4 Axis toolbar

5 Worksheet tab

6 Textbox

7 Curve symbol in legend

8 Coordinate window

9 Channel table

Viewing, Measuring, and Editing Data

DIAdem Main Components - VIEW

98

1 Toolbar with Calculator

2 Group bar with standard

mathematical functions

3 Protocols of the calculations

4 Data Portal with the original

data and the result data

Analyzing Data

DIAdem Main Components - ANALYSIS

99

1 Toolbar with alignment

functions

2 Format bar

3 Group bar with axis systems,

tables, graphics, and

decorations

4 2D axis systems

5 Worksheet tab

6 2D table

7 Integrated graphic

8 Text

Documenting Data

DIAdem Main Components - REPORT

100

1 Toolbar with recording mode

and editing functions

2 Group bar with dialog box

definitions

3 Script editor with script

4 Information area

Automating Recurring Work Sequences

DIAdem Main Components - SCRIPT

101

DEMO with DIAdem

102

User Interface in LabVIEW

decibel.ni.com/content/groups/ui

103

DEMO

User Interface in LabVIEW – mobile phone

104

• Do they know as much as you (they never do)?

• How will they interact with the application?

• Why are they using your software?

The software (and UI) should support their goal

Think About Your User

105

Giving your UI a Custom Look

106

Adding an Image to the Front Panel

• As simple as Copy and Paste!

• Use an image editor to erase, add transparency

• Populate native LabVIEW controls

Start: PowerPoint Clipart

107

Components of a Control (Slide)

Needle, Fill

and Scale

Array

Index

Pixel

Decrement

Pixel

Increment

Cosmetic

Housing

108

Components of a Control (Gauge)

Needle, Ramp

and Scale

Array Index

Extra Frame

Part

Housing

Frame

109

Customizing a Gauge Control

110

Present Analyze Acquire

111

Services

• Repairs

Normal

Expedited/Advance

• Trainings (our office or on-site)

Training programs

• Calibration (our laboratory or on-site)

Traceable

ISO17025

acredited

112

Questions ?

Thank you !

113

NI Days 2011 • In-depth Technical Sessions

Software and Data Acquisition

Automated Measurements and Test

Industrial and Embedded Technology

Academic and Research Solutions

• Networking with NI Product Users

• Exhibition Floor

• Hands-on Experience. Try the tools by yourself.

• Free a Certified LabVIEW Associate Developer (CLAD) Exam

Date and Location in Romania

• November 3, 2011 - Bucharest, Romania

Questions?

• Email: ni.romania@ni.com

• Web: romania.ni.com

• Toll free phone number: 0 800 894 308