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Damaged wall inside Anjar substation control building with. Buildings located near steep slopes. Must be away from steep slopes for better resistance to forces. Buildings located on filled – up soil. Buildings located on filled – up soil should be provided. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Damaged wall insideAnjar substation control building with
Buildings located nearsteep slopes. Must be away from steep slopes for better resistance to forces.
Buildingslocated on filled – up soil
Buildings located onfilled – up soil should be provided
Addition of shear walls to decrease span of diaphragm
Shape of Buildings
The optimal (regular) seismic configuration
Buildings with irregular configuration
Buildings with abrupt changes in lateral resistance
Buildings with abrupt changes in lateral stiffness
Typical analytical diagram of earthquake forces
For complicated configuration more than two axes may be used for analysis
Earthquake forces on buildings
Earthquake forces: The reality
Earthquake forces acting on a large building
Localized strength and stiffness
Arrangement of shear walls and braced frames- not recommended.
Arrangement of shear walls and braced frames recommended
Arrangement of shear walls and braced frames recommended
Diaphragm openings
Buildings with offsets
Damage to buildings with offsets
Damage to buildings with offsets
Re-entrant Corner
Irregularity in masses
Elastic and Plastic behavior of mild steel
Response Spectra
Beam Reinforcement
Transverse Reinforcement in Column
Column and Joint Detailing
Beam Column Intersection
Examplesof shallow foundations
Common types of cast-in-place concrete piles: (a) Uncased pile; (b) Franki uncased-pedestal pile; (c) Franki cased-pedestal pile;
Typical pile configurations
Common types of earth retaining structures
Common types of earth retaining structures
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