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Continuous VOC Monitoring:
Lessons Being Learned
Blayne Hartman Ph.D.
www.hartmaneg.com
February 2018
SESVIS Conference – Atlanta
Mark Kram, Ph.D.
Cliff Frescura
www.groundswelltech.com
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TCE
Presentation Summary
• Brief System Description
• Why Continuous Monitor?
• Data & Lessons Learned from Real Sites
Sample Event 2
Sample Event #3
Well?Sample Event 1
Name This Tune
Are Limited VI Data Any Different?
System Capability
• Fully Quantitative!
• Can Reach Ultra-Low Levels (<1 ug/m3) for
TCE, PCE, Vinyl Chloride & others
• <10 min Analysis Time for TCE & PCE
• Multiple Sample Locations (16 to 30)
• Very Stable - holds calibration for months
• Real-Time Data - Groundswell Software
• Discrete Sampling Mode
Continuous Monitoring System
Sample Inlets12” High
Monitoring of Other Variables
• BP, Indoor pressure, Differential Pressure
• Wind Speed, temperature, other climatic
• Can Turn On-Off 115 V Relays6
User Friendly Web-Based Data
Applications of Monitoring:
Short Term TCE Exposure
Short-Term TCE Assessment Options
• Long Term Passive/Canister Sample– One number over sampling period
– Can’t see the pattern
– No real-time feedback
– Costly if multiple rooms, multiple events
• Continuous Analyzers– Can determine duration: hours? Days?
– Can see the pattern! Day vs night? HVAC?
– Immediate response – H&S to occupants
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Co
nc
(ug
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3)
Run Number
PCE - 420 1st Floor Air
PCE
Short Term TCE: How Long Above
12/2012 3/20131/2013 2/2013
~24 hours
21 days
Typical Data After 14 Days
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1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 181 201 221 241 261 281 301 321 341 361 381 401 421 441 461 481 501 521 541 561 581
ug
/m3
Run #
Office Area (P2)
PCE
.15 ug/m3
Applications of Monitoring
• Identify VOC Entry Points
– Source from VI vs Indoor
– Unexpected VOCs
• Superior to Hapsite Screening
– Much more data collected over time
– More robust; less downtime
– No more expensive
Time
ug/m3
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Room103IndoorAir- TCE(ug/m3)
Room Closed:17:00
Door Opened
8:00 am
Door Closed
8:20 am
VOC Entry Point Determination
15 hours
Urgent Response Options
• Air Filtration
– Costs ~ $1,000/unit
• Sealing Floor Cracks
– Hard to find them all
• Relocate People
– Could open Pandora’s box
• HVAC Modification
– How to know if effective?
• Continuously Monitor
– Determine how often above target level
– See what remedies are effective
Applications of Monitoring
• Mitigation Remedies Feedback
– HVAC changes
– Fans on/off
– Air filtration units
– Sealing sumps & cracks
Proving the Effectiveness of a Remedy
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TCE
-B
ZD 2
4 (u
g/m
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Run #
Location BZD24
24 vs 22
Building Modification Feedback
4 ug/m3
14 ug/m3
2/24/17 3/21/17
Seal Sumps
More Applications
• Remediation & Mitigation System Monitoring
– In-Situ GW/Soil Remediation
– Thermal
– Sub-Slab Depressurization Systems
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Vin
yl c
hlo
rid
e (
ug/
m3
)
Run #
Location EF-1 - Vinyl Chloride
Remediation MonitoringVinyl Chloride Effluent
73 ug/m3
Energized
Before Energized
3/11/17 3/21/172/27/17
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Location IA-1 - TCE
Remediation MonitoringTCE Indoors
Before Energized
Energized
80 ug/m3
2/27/17 3/11/17 3/21/17
Single Family Residence Monitoring
Residential SSD EvaluationFirst 7 days
Indoor Air Filtration Units Off
Air filtration units off
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SSD Off
Residential SSD Evaluation30 days
More Applications
• Expedited VI Assessments
– Can see pattern within days
– Can determine if from VI or Indoor source
– Can determine cause & effect
– Can try remedies & see effects
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Can put VI Issue to Rest in Days
Rather than Months or Years!!
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tce
Temporal Variation
Same Time Every Day
300 ug/m3
Large Industrial Facility
Definite Correlation with Differential Pressure
Apparent Correlation with Barometric Pressure
High Res Data to Rescue
• Large industrial building in east LA
• Tenant (not owner): furniture manufacturer
• TCE & PCE underneath in GW & soil gas
• TCE measured in IA with canisters – highest in
women’s bathroom
• Owner closes women’s bathroom!!!
• Hartman brought in – samples IA & SG
• TCE & PCE in SG but only TCE in IA????
• Go into monitor mode
TCE Source Determination
Manufacturing Facility
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TCE
7:00 am 5:00 pm 5:00 pm
7:00 am
5:00 pm
TCE Not Listed!!!
Furniture FacilityRapid Resolution
Furniture FacilitySilicone Spray Chromatogram
Saved owner liability & >$100,000
TCE
Summary
• Monitoring/Response Technology Exists NOW
• TCE, PCE, VC and other VOCs
• Rapidly Address:
– No risk situations
– TCE IA exceedances
– VOC entry locations, preferential pathways
– Effectiveness of mitigation systems
– Effectiveness/optimization of remediation systems
Mark Kram, Ph.D.mark.kram@groundswelltech.com
Blayne Hartman, Ph.D.blayne@hartmaneg.com
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