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Consciousness
Ongoing awareness of our own thoughts, sensation, feelings, and existence
• Normal consciousness
• Altered states of consciousness (ASC)
Stage 1• Very light sleep• Alpha waves are replaced with random activity• Hypnogogic images may appear
Alert:
Relaxed:
Stage 1:
Stage 4
• Very deep sleep
Stage 4:
• Continuous delta waves• Children produce growth hormone primarily in stages 3 & 4
Sleep Disturbances
• Sleep Walking• Nightmares/Night Terrors• Sleep Talking• Narcolepsy• Sleep Apnea• Insomnia• SIDS• REM Behavior Disorder
Dreaming
• What triggers particular dreams?
• Why do we dream?– Manifest content– Latent content– Activation-synthesis hypothesis
The Bottom Line
Hypnosis may be no different from other forms of suggestion
(but it makes great theater!)
The Seven Symptoms of Substance Dependence
1. Tolerance
2. Withdrawal
3. Larger amounts of substance taken over a longer period of time than intended
4. Unsuccessful efforts or a persistent desire to decrease or control the substance use
The Seven Symptoms of Substance Dependence
5. A lot of time spent in obtaining the substance, using it, or recovering from its effects
6. Important work, social, or recreational activities are given up as a result of the substance
7. Despite knowledge of recurrent or ongoing physical or psychological problems caused or exacerbated by the substance, substance use continues
Depressants: Focus on Alcohol
• Physiological effects of alcohol– Disinhibition
• Psychological effects of alcohol– Inhibitory conflict– Alcohol myopia
Depressants: Focus on Alcohol
• Chronic abuse– Blackouts– Korsakoff’s syndrome
• Other depressants– Barbiturates
Narcotic Analgesics: Focus on Heroin
• Narcotic analgesics– Heroin, morphine, codeine, Percodan,
Demerol– Opiates
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