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8/9/2019 Consciousness and Its Altered States
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Consciousness
and Its Altered
statesPsychology Department
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Consciousness
Is the state of awareness
Awareness of internal and external stimuli / (thoughts andfeelings)
All our experiences, reality and sense of self when we areconsciously aware of it is our consciousness.
William James
One of the earliest psychologists who dealt with consciousness
e esta!lished the "rst la!oratory of experimental psychology
in ar#ard $ni#ersity.
e !elie#es that our e#eryday conscious experience is onlyone of the possi!le forms of consciousness.
e argued that there are uncharted regions of the humanconsciousness %hat can !e explored !y studying mental illness,dreams, religious ecstasy and drug use. According to &ames,these are other forms of consciousness are hidden in all of usand are separated from the normal wa'ing consciousness.
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Normal WakingConsciousness Direct Consciousness
A state of awareness where in you pay close attention towhat you are doing.
hen your awareness is directed to a single focus
Flowing Consciousness
Our awareness drifts from one thought to another
e.g. reading to daydreaming
Day Dreaming
A period of focused, directed thin'ing and feeling a!outfantasies
(mind wandering)
Add color and intrigue to our li#es, ma'e them more exciting
Day dreams helps us ma'e our li#es more creati#e and original
$se the past to explore the future
elp de#elop your personality
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Normal WakingConsciousness
Di#ided onsciousness%he splitting of two conscious acti#ities
simultaneously
*.g. performing + acti#ities at the same time wal'ingwhile thin'ing a!out pro!lems
CONSCIOUSNESS AND ATTENTION
Selectie attention
%he cogniti#e mental process that limits the amountof information into consciousness
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Su!conscious "entalActiity
Su!conscious #rocess
-ental and !eha#ioral acti#ities thatta'es place outside of conscious
awareness. #reconscious $rocess
u!conscious acti#ities that can !e !rought intoawareness !y paying attention to them
Unconscious $rocess u!conscious mental acti#ities that are more or
less permanently una#aila!le to consciousness
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Slee$ing andDreaming leep
/0 life Physiological acti#ity called ircadian rhythms
Circadian %&yt&m' !iological cloc' that regulates !odyrhythms on a +1 hour cycle2.lar's #s. owls.
(iological %&yt&ms' periodic physiological 3luctuations
!uilt into human !eings. E)' +4 day menstrual cycle, +1 hourAlertness cycle, annual cycle, 56 minute sleep cycles.
7ooted !iologically
8ot a single, continuous state9complexcom!ination of states
7e#itali:e and restore our !odies and minds
EE* Electroence$&alogram
"easures electrical !rain actiity
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Stages o+ Slee$
N%E", Non,%a$id Eye"oement ststage lightest le#el of
sleep (when we drift tosleep) irregular low
#oltage wa#es ;%wilight< state we are
neither day dreamingnor dreaming -y$nagogic state
a relaxed state ofdreamli'e awareness!etween wa'efulness andsleep
"yoclonia=a suddenmo#ement (a!ruptmo#ement) ;sudden >er'ection;Out@of !ody experience