COMM110 Nonverbal Communication. Agenda (6.9) Review of Chapter 4 Chapter 4 – Quiz Chapter 5...

COMM110

Nonverbal Communication

Agenda (6.9)Review of Chapter 4

Chapter 4 – Quiz

Chapter 5 Goals/Overview

Homework Catch-up

Class Short speeches

Group Exercise #2 - Email

Review of this week’s tasks

Review of Chapter 4

• Key Terms • Chapter 4 Quiz – page 90

4

• Key Terms • Chapter 4 Quiz – page 90

Chapter 5 Goals

• Explain the 6 principles that identify the ways in which nonverbal communication functions

• Describe the channels of nonverbal messages and give examples of messages in each channel

• Apply the encoding and decoding suggestions for effectiveness in your own nonverbal interactions

Nonverbal Communication

• Communication without words

• Nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, volume of voice, or even saying nothing

• Other? How important?

Principles of Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal messages interact with verbal messages• Accent – raise voice, pound fist

• Complement – smile or frown

• Contradict - winking

• Control – purse lips, lean forward

• Repeat – ok?..eyebrows raised

• Substitute – nod or shake head, thumbs up, etc

Principles of Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal messages help manage impressions – how you dress, body size, how much you smile

• To be liked• To be believed• To excuse failure• To secure help by indicating helplessness• To hide faults• To be followed• To confirm self-image and to communicate it to others

Principles of Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal messages help form relationships

• Much of relationships are lived nonverbally

• Communicate affection, support, anger, animosity, etc

• How you interact communicates level of relationship to others (“tie signs”)

Principles of Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal messages structure conversation• “Turn-taking cues” –

can be verbal but often nonverbal

• Ex. Nodding, eye contact, body language

Principles of Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal messages can influence and deceive – how you dress, smiling pretending you like someone, how easy to detect liar?

Principles of Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal messages are crucial for expressing emotions – you reveal feelings thru facial expressions, gestures, eye movements, etc

Channels of Nonverbal Communication

• Body Communication

– http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are?language=en

Channels of Nonverbal Communication

• Facial Communication

Channels of Nonverbal Communication

• Eye Communication– The eyes are the

“windows to the soul.” Eyes can mirror a limitless range of emotions and states of being

Channels of Nonverbal Communication

• Spatial Communication – varies by culture

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLpHvXuEE4U

• https://vimeo.com/63660368

Channels of Nonverbal Communication

• Artifactual Communication– uses space

decoration to influence non-verbal communication

Channels of Nonverbal Communication

• Touch Communication

Channels of Nonverbal Communication

• Paralanguage and Silence– the nonlexical

component of communication by speech, for example intonation, pitch and speed of speaking, hesitation noises, gesture, and facial expression

Channels of Nonverbal Communication

• Time Communication– The study of temporal

communication (chronemics) concerns the use of time

Nonverbal CommunicationWith Friends

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvEci5Bjgd4

Importance of Non-Verbal Signals

• Far more pervasive in work place than researchers originally thought

• But also more complex• Such covert cues, the new data show, have a strong

impact in key relationships such as those between judge and jury, physician and patient, or teacher and student

Judge and Jury

• How a judge gives his instructions to a jury was perceived to double the likelihood that the jury would deliver a verdict of guilty or not guilty -even when on the surface the judge's demeanor seemed perfectly impartial

Judge and Jury

• The judicial study, reported in the November issue of The Stanford Law Review, is believed to be one of the first scientific tests of the courtroom lore that the judge's attitudes, even if never openly expressed, are often crucial to a trial's outcome.

• One striking finding concerned trials in which the judge knew that the defendant had a record of previous felonies, a fact that a jury, by law, is not allowed to know unless the defendant takes the stand. When the judges were aware of past felonies, the Stanford study found, their final instructions to juries were lacking in warmth, tolerance, patience and competence.

• The juries in these cases said they were unaware of any bias on the part of the judges, yet their verdicts were twice as likely to be ''guilty'' than in cases in which the charges were as serious but defendants had no record of felonies.

Judge and Jury

• The juries in these cases said they were unaware of any bias on the part of the judges, yet their verdicts were twice as likely to be ''guilty'' than in cases in which the charges were as serious but defendants had no record of felonies.

• When videotapes were analyzed by independent raters, they found that the judges' tone of voice, rather than anything in their words or body movements, communicated the strongest, most negative messages.

• ''Judges can't come out and say, 'This defendant is guilty,' '' said Peter Blanck, who did the study. ''But they may say it subtly, nonverbally - even if that message is inadvertent.''

• ''If judges became sensitized to the problem, they could learn to be more impartial in their demeanor,'' Dr. Blanck said.

Physician and Patient

• A physician's rapport with his patients, for instance, depends to a great extent on his body language, according to Dr. Rosenthal's recent studies, done with Jinni Harrigan, a psychologist at the University of Cincinnati medical school

• The studies found that physicians who were rated as having the best rapport sat leaning toward the patient, with arms and legs uncrossed, and nodding as they talked to patients. Another sign of rapport was looking the patient in the eye from time to time, but not staring. The net effect seemed to communicate a desire to be attentive and intimate.

• The meaning of a given posture or movement, Dr. Rosenthal cautions, is highly specific to a given situation. Thus, a physician who leaned back in his chair, which in many social settings would be a sign of feeling relaxed, could be seen by a patient as signaling a lack of interest.

Physician and Patient

• ''It's too simplistic to say that, for example, a physician is sending a message of rapport when he nods or tilts forward,'' said Dr. Rosenthal. ''When you freeze the moment and extract one part of what is going on from it, you lose the richness of the phenomenon. When people try to equate a specific cue with a given message, it gets too mechanical.''

• Nonetheless, it is clearly important for everyone to know that, in one way or another, they are in almost constant nonverbal communication with others.

• Tone of voice was a potentially damaging covert bias found in one study of psychotherapists with their patients. When the therapists talked to resident patients at a large private hospital, their tone was much more hostile and anxious than when they spoke with patients who lived outside the hospital.

• ''The nonverbal messages during therapy can be more important than what is said,'' Dr. Lee said.

Interviewer and Interviewee

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW5kB906mh8

Interviewer and Interviewee• In another setting, a study of job interviews found that the more often an

interviewer touched his foot, the more likely that his hiring decision was favorable. While at first glance that result may seem curious, an explanation is provided by Dr. Rosenthal and Shelly Goldberg, a student at Harvard with whom he did the study.

• When people are feeling ill at ease, as is often the case during such interviews, they tend to sit stiffly and shift very little. One possibility, according to Dr. Rosenthal and Miss Goldberg, is that, once a favorable hiring decision has been made, the interviewer becomes more relaxed and shifts position more often. This makes one more likely to touch one's foot, which is difficult to reach in a more formal position. The study is to be published soon in The Journal of Nonverbal Behavior.

Interviewing Skills• Nonverbal Communication and You

Nonverbal Communication and Getting a Job You may be thinking that getting the right degree at the right college is the way to get a job. Think again! It may be a good way to get an interview, but once at the interview, what matters? College Journal reports that, "Body language comprises 55% of the force of any response, whereas the verbal content only provides 7%, and paralanguage, or the intonation -- pauses and sighs given when answering -- represents 38% of the emphasis." If you show up to an interview smelling of cigarette smoke, chewing gum, dressed inappropriately, and listening to music on your phone, you’re probably in trouble.

Some effective nonverbal practices during interviews:

• Make eye contact with the interviewer for a few seconds at a time.

Interviewing Skills• Smile and nod (at appropriate times) when the interviewer is talking, but,

don't overdo it. Don't laugh unless the interviewer does first.

• Be polite and keep an even tone to your speech. Don't be too loud or too quiet.

• Don't slouch.

• Do relax and lean forward a little towards the interviewer so you appear interested and engaged.

• Don't lean back. You will look too casual and relaxed.

• Keep your feet on the floor and your back against the lower back of the chair.

Interviewing Skills

• Pay attention, be attentive and interested.

• Listen.

• Don't interrupt.

• Stay calm. Even if you had a bad experience at a previous position or were fired, keep your emotions to yourself and do not show anger or frown.

• Not sure what to do with your hands? Hold a pen and your notepad or rest an arm on the chair or on your lap, so you look comfortable. Don't let your arms fly around the room when you're making a point.

• http://blog.ed.ted.com/2013/05/24/how-to-nail-a-job-interview/

Nonverbal CommunicationSkills

• Become Mindful of Nonverbal Messages• Decoding (interpreting) nonverbal messages• Encoding (sending) nonverbal messages

Nonverbal CommunicationSkills

• Decoding (interpreting) nonverbal messages –things to keep in mind when making judgements• Be tentative• Seek alternative judgements• Messages come from many different channels• Could you be wrong?

Nonverbal CommunicationSkills

• Encoding (sending) nonverbal messages – things to keep in mind• Think about your choices just like verbal• Nonverbal consistent with verbal• Monitor like verbal• Avoid extremes and monotony – ex. Dwight• Take situation into consideration• Maintain eye contact with speaker• Avoid using certain adaptors in public – flossing!• Avoid strong cologne or perfume• Be careful with touching

Class Presentations – Introductory Speech

• Very Basic Speech Outline for Class Introduction• Attention Getter: (Just What It Says)• Road Map: (This is what you are going to tell us)• Body: (This is where you tell us)• I. (This is the first thing you are going to tell us)• II. (This is the next thing you are going to tell us)• III. (This is the next thing) _______________________________________________• IV. (The next thing) ____________________________________________________• V. (The next thing) ____________________________________________________• VI. (Next) ____________________________________________________________• VII. (Next) ____________________________________________________________• Summary: (Tell us what you told us)• Memory: (Leave us with a mental picture that will help us remember what you said)

Class Presentations• Name of person being introduced What that person wants to be called • Hobbies• What the person does • Interests• Family information• Anything else the person wants us to know• Favorite kind of music/movies/TV shows/sports

Next Steps

Discussion/Homework Week #4

• Discussion Boards –– in class• Assignments – in class• Assessments – Module #4 due Sunday

6.14 and Midterm (Chap 1-5) Due Sunday, 6.21

Interview: Thank you Emails

• Thank you for your time• Refer to something they said in the

interview• Summary of your skills and why you are a

fit for the job• Next steps

Interview: Thank you Emails

Hi Jeff-

Thanks so much for meeting with me today to discuss my background and experience and how it fits with the Field Marketing Services Manager position.  I feel this is a great opportunity and I am excited for the challenge.

I feel I bring a unique skill set, since I am able to successfully manage both people and programs.  In my 10+ years experience in field marketing, I have developed a keen sense of what works and what doesn't, so I am able to make the best decisions and recommendations that will ensure the program's success.  I definitely have been in the trenches before and know how to handle and be ready for change and jump right into new projects. 

Thanks again for the opportunity and hope to hear from you soon!

Sincerely,

Carrie Stahl 

503-348-4708

Interview: Thank you Emails

Hi Sandy,

Thank you for taking the time to meet with me today to discuss the Field Marketing Services Manager position.

I was really impressed with the support behind the field marketing program as well as the projected sales growth in the coming years.  This position is such a great fit as it requires and utilizes my full skill set.  With my extensive background managing multiple retail sales and demo programs, I can "hit the ground running."   I am confident that I will be able to further develop and grow this program with great results.

I left my visit today with so many ideas and hope that I get the opportunity to put them into action! 

Sincerely,

Carrie Stahl

503-348-4708

Interview: Thank you Emails

Hi Jan -  Thanks for taking the time to meet with me yesterday to discuss the Field Marketing Services Manager position.  It was great to get a tour of the office inside and out. I appreciated your insight around company culture, organizational structure and future growth plans.  It's encouraging that even in a tough economy, Custom Decorators has been able to grow so quickly and is well positioned going forward.   As you know, I bring 10+ years of experience successfully managing multiple field marketing programs for companies who are brand leaders.  What I believe sets me apart is my ability to achieve results in many different roles (recruiting, field management, client and store relations, analysis and reporting).  I am able to work efficiently and effectively with a variety of different people, which is key to success in this business.  

Thanks for the opportunity and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely,Carrie Stahl

503-348-4708