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Vocabulary
Colonial Times
economy apprentice assembly
Indentured servant
slave
slavery
slave trade
goods
services merchant
delegate
indentured servant A person who had
their trip to the colony paid for, and in return they would work for that person for a certain period of time (after this time the person was free)
slave A person who is
owned by another person and is forced to work for that person, often times being mistreated. A slave is not free.
manor A manor was a
large piece of land owned by one land owner. Other people rented land from the landowner and paid rent in the form of crops.
New York becomes an English Colony England had colonies all along the
Atlantic coast in what are now: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode
Island, Virginia, and Maryland
England’s colonies in North America were in these present day statesMassachusetts
Maryland
Connecticut
Rhode Island
Virginia
England claims the colony Charles II, felt that England had a
claim to New Netherland because of John Cabot’s voyages
He “gave” New Netherland to his brother, James, The Duke of York.
The Duke of York, James, sent war ships to New Amsterdam and demanded that the Dutch surrender
Stuyvesant takes a stand At first Peter Stuyvesant didn’t want
to surrender People of the colony were not willing
to fight the powerful English Navy, they knew they didn’t stand a chance!
The signed a petition asking Stuyvesant to surrender
New Netherland becomes New York On September 8 Stuyvesant handed over
control of the colony to the English Almost 40 years of Dutch control came to
an end English divided the colony into two parts,
the smaller part was name New Jersey The larger part was name New York New Amsterdam was renamed New York
City
Dutch colonists treated fairly Dutch colonists were allowed to keep their
jobs, ownership of their land, and to speak Dutch – their native language
As long as the swore loyalty to the King of England they were allowed to carry on with their lives
Offered free passage back to the Netherlands if they didn’t want to stay (no one took the offer)
Dutch and the English got along well, even shared a church
New York’s economy grows
Albany and New York City were major trading centers
New Yorkers traded goods like lumber and grain with England and England’s other colonies
Ship building also became an important part of the economy. Ship building also resulted in a need for rope makers, linen weavers, and sail makers.
Fur trade became less important Whaling – capturing and killing whales for their
blubber became a big business.
New Yorkers use natural resources New Yorkers used the natural resources in
New York to meet their needs and wants Some goods they made from natural
resources were beef, wood, and wheat New Yorkers had more of these goods
than they needed so they sold them to merchants
Merchants would sell, or trade these goods for money or other goods
England’s 13 colonies By 1733 England had 13 colonies
along the eastern shore As the number of colonists grew
they took over more and more of the Native American lands
This led to more disagreements between the colonists and Native Americans
People came to New York from:
Great Britain (England, Scotland, &Wales)
France Germany Africa (mostly as slaves)
From many places with many cultures People brought their cultures and
traditions with them to the colonies
Examples of cultural contributions Dutch – ice skating
Huguenots – built stone houses
English - tennis
Slavery in New York When England first took over the
colonies there were about 700 Africans living in the colony
Some were free, some owned land, some were slaves
Over the next 100 years that number jumped to 20,000 mostly due to the slave trade
Slave - work Slaves did many of the same types
of jobs other colonists did. However they were not free, and did not get paid for their work.
Worked on farms In homes As artisans (carpenter, shoemakers,
blacksmiths ect.)
Escaping One way slaves could gain freedom was
to escape from their owners. Some slaves used the Underground
Railroad Some slaves escaped to Native American
lands. May Native Americans welcomed and helped slaves who were trying to escape
Escaping was risky and dangerous many were punished harshly if caught.
City Life Colonial New York had two major
cities New York City and Albany People had different types of jobs in
cities. Artisans (blacksmiths, carpenters,
printers, shoe makers ect.) Some merchants opened stores or
inns
Colonial Government People from the colonies elected
colonists to an assembly Only white men could vote Voters could not choose the
governor Governors were selected by the
leaders of Britain
Peter Zenger – freedom of press It was against the law to speak out
against the government especially if it was printed in a paper
Peter Zenger printed true statements about the governor and was arrested when he wouldn’t tell who wrote the articles
Zenger and his lawyer felt as long as what was printed was true you should be allowed to speak about the government freely even if it is against the government
Colonial Schools In New Amsterdam children went to
school year round this changed when the colony was taken over by the English
In the English colony children went to school only for about 3 months a year.
Very few boys went to school for more than three years and girls went even less.
Colonial Schools Classes that had once been taught in Dutch were
changed to English Schools were not free public schools, each family
had to pay the teacher An example of the cost would be six pennies a
week for reading, math and writing would be more.
Pennies were worth more than they are today but still this was not a lot of money. Teachers usually had to find other jobs.
If families couldn’t afford to send their children to school they might have gone to a school run by their church.
Other education Apprentice Many children became apprentices,
learning a skill or trade At about age 12 children would move in
with an artisan or craftsman he/she would be taught the trade or skill, be given clothing, food and a place to live. In exchange he/she worked for the artisan
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