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COGNITION AND PERCEPTION. THE CONCEPTS
PERCEPTION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Johannes Parlindungan Siregar
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COGNITION
PERCEPTION
BEHAVIOR
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
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COGNITION• Process of gathering, organizing and utilizing the
knowledge.• The mental activity in relation to the matters of
comprehension, attention, determination, information processing, problem solving, imagination, predicting,thinking and believing.
SPATIO COGNITIVE ABILITY (McAndrew, 1993: 28) :the spatial memory allows us to live in a world …… we are aware of places and things beyond the immediategrasp of our sense.The complex activity that involves planning, decision making, information processing to understand space and to manipulate it mentally
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URBANENVIRONMENT
SPATIO COGNITIV
E ACTIVITY
WAYFINDING
COGNITIVE MAP
NODEs PATHs LANDMARKs DISTRICTs EDGEs
LEGIBILITYMcAndrew (1993: 35 –
41)
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So…..What is “perception”?
How it differs from “cognitive”? Or just the same?
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PERCEPTION
PERCEPTION (Boothe, 2002,p.2-3) :the act of using only one’s own sense organs to gain knowledge about, interact with, and experience the environment.Provide knowledge about what is present in the immediately surrounding environment MC.Andrew (1993 : 28) :Perception is the result of a filtering process performed by the individual.
HUMAN SENSORY TOOLS
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SENSORY INTERACTION
ENVIRONMENT(Natural, Build, Social)
INDIVIDUAL
PROCESS
OUTPUT : PERCEPTIO
N
“WHAT”“HOW”
SUBJECTIVE
PERCEPTUAL
EXPERIENCE
Boothe (2002 : 2)
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Stimulate all
senses
SENSATION
INFORMATION
PROCESS
PERCEPTION
ENVIRONMENT
HUMAN SENSORY
TOOLS
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ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION
MC.Andrew (1993 : 28) :Perception is the result of a filtering process performed by the individual.It is difficult to separate a person from the environment in the perceptual process.
• TOP - DOWN PROCESS (Conceptually – driven processing)
• BOTTOM – UP PROCESS (Data – driven processing)
Example ….
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COGNITIVE and PERCEPTION
“COGNITIVE”“PERCEPTION”
SENSORY ACTIVITY
NON-SENSORY ACTIVITY
Mathematic Norm
Phylosophy ReligionOthers
SpaceForm
Color Temperature
Noise
Others
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BRUNSWIK’s Lens Model (McAndrew : 1999,p.29-30)
ENVIRONMENT PERCEPTION
Stimulus Array(stimuli vary in ecological validity)
Perceptual process (recombines, orders, and focuses sensory inputs)
AREA of COGNITIVE
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Ilustration 1:Biased Informations
1
2
3 4
A B
C
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Ilustration 2 : Biased Informations
Symbol of a
Product or a
Nation ?
Symbol of a
Religion or a Nation
?
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Ilustration 3
VISUAL
TEMPERATURE
ODOR
NOISE
TIDY - UNTIDY
HOT – WARM - COLD
PLEASANT - UNPLEASANT
QUIET - LOUD
Distance
Duration
Level of concentratio
n
LEGIBILITY
SPACE EXPRESSION
CALMNESS
LIKE / DISLIKE
TOURIST BEHAVIO
R
COGNITIVE PROCESS
• Past Experience
• Education• Psychological
Background
ENVIRONMENT
Of TOURISM
AREA
PERCEPTION
Distance
Sensory Condition
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Think about OBJECTIVITY Problems !!
….How can Perception
be measured OBJECTIVELY ?
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REFERENCES
Boothe. 2002. Perception of the visual environment. SpringerMcAndre. 1993. Environmental psychology. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.Sagung, et al. 2013. Pengaruh kualitas ruang publik terhadap fungsi restoratif alun-alun Batu. Skripsi S1 Jurusan PWK, Universitas Brawijaya.Stedman on Goetz, et al. 2005. Land use problems and conflicts. Taylor and Francis Group
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