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CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
NORTH
ADVANTAGES•Larger population•More industry•More resources•Better banking system•More railroad mileage•Better leader (Abraham Lincoln)•More ships•Better balance between farming and industry
Functioning Government
DISADVANTAGESFaced hostile peopleSouthern territory unfamiliar
CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
SOUTH
ADVANTAGESStrong popular supportFamiliar territorySuperior military training facilities
DISADVANTAGESSmaller populationFew factoriesLess food productionFewer railroad milesFewer shipsJefferson DavisBelief in states’ rights
CIVIL WARPROBLEMS NORTH AND SOUTH
SOUTH
• Enlistments declined• Draft law drew names of men 18-35 to serve for 3 years
• could hire a substitute• Bombing raids caused people to have to leave their homes• Blockade caused imported goods to disappear• Crops were destroyed, railroads were torn apart• Clothing wore out and could not be replaced
NORTH
• “Peace Democrats” (also called “Copperheads”) favored a truce with the Confederacy• Enlistments declined
• Bounties offered – failed• Draft law drew names of men 20-45• Could buy out of it for $300
• Draft riots took place in New York City in July, 1863
CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES
NORTH
The Anaconda Plan1. Blockade the South2. Split the Confederacy by gaining
control of the Mississippi River3. Capture Richmond, the Confederate
capital
CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES
SOUTH
WIN RECOGNITION AS ANINDEPENDENT NATION1. Capture Washington, D.C.2. Seize central Pennsylvania3. Defend homeland until
North tired of fighting4. Get Britain to pressure
North to end blockade to restore cotton supplies
CIVIL WARBATTLES, 1861-1862
1st BATTLE OF MANASSAS/ BULL RUNJuly 21, 1861
- Northerners expected a quick victory and an early end to the war.- Residents of Washington, D.C. came out to watch- Confederates won the battle- General Thomas Jackson earned the title “Stonewall Jackson at this battle
CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1861-1862
BATTLE OF THE MONITOR AND MERRIMACMarch 9, 1862
- first battle between two ironclad warships; marked new age in naval warfare- battle ended in a “draw”, neither side won
CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1861-1862
Shiloh (Tennessee)April 6, 1862
- bloodiest battle of the war to that point -- 1,735 Union dead -- 7,882 Union wounded -- 1,728 Confederate dead -- 8,012 Confederate wounded - Union victory
CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1861-1862
ANTIETAM (Maryland)September 17, 1862
- bloodiest single day of battle in America’s history -- 2,010 Union dead -- 9,416 Union wounded -- 1,512 Confederate dead -- 7,816 Confederate wounded- Confederate defeat which prevented Gen. Lee from convincing Britain to support the South
CIVIL WAREMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
January 1, 1863
- Political move on the part of Abraham Lincoln when he was concerned the North was tiring of war- Freed only the slaves in the “rebellious” states - Gave the North a new reason to continue the war- Britain decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy
CIVIL WARWOMEN IN WAR
• ran farms and businesses• worked in factories• became teachers and government workers• served the military as nurses, messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, and spies
Clara Barton, nurse in the war, eventually organized the AmericanRed Cross
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