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Chapter 11
Union Advantages
Numerical Superiority Better Transportation System Established and proven Government Military Superiority More Workers
Union Disadvantages
Lack of adequate military leaders Had to fight offensive war
Confederate Advantages
Psychology Superior military leaders Men used to outdoor life Men used to riding horses Leaders accustomed to giving orders Accustomed to using firearms
Confederate Disadvantages
Smaller numbers Transportation System No established government No established military No wealth
Strategy of the North
Restore the Union Invade, Conquer, and Occupy the South Anaconda Plan Winfield Scott
3 Parts of the Anaconda Plan 1. Blockade of southern ports by the
Union navy Control the Mississippi River Divide the Confederacy and isolate one
part from the other
Strategy of the South
Defend the South until the North wears down
Names of Battles
South – geographic locations North – bodies of water
Order of Events
4-12-1861 – Fort Sumter
4-15-1861 – Lincoln calls for troops – 75,000 volunteers
4-19-1861 – Lincoln calls for blockade of South
5-21-1861 – South moves capital to Richmond, Va
Fort Sumter
South Carolina Major Anderson – commander Confederacy demanded surrender Fort supplies would only last 6 weeks Lincoln’s dilemma First Shots – April 12, 1861, 4:30 a.m. Davis’s dilemma
April 15, 1861Lincoln calls for troops75,000 Volunteers
April 17, 1861
Virginia secedesMost populated southern stateMost industrialized southern stateIn May – Arkansas, Tennessee, and North
Carolina secede
West Virginia
Counties of WV were anti-slave Remained in the Union
Winston County, Alabama Remained neutral in the War
Slave States in the Union
Maryland Delaware Kentucky Missouri Many citizens in these states fought for
the Confederacy
1st BATTLE OF BULL RUN JULY 21, 1861 VIRGINIA (town of Manassas) NORTH- MC DOWELL SOUTH- P.G.T. BEAUREGARD STONEWALL JACKSON HUMILIATING DEFEAT FOR NORTH ALMOST LED TO A CONFEDERATE
INVASION OF D.C.
BULL RUN PHOTO
July 27,1861
Lincoln replaces McDowell with George McClellan as Commander of the Department of the Potomac
November 1, 1861
Winfield Scott resigns Lincoln appoints McClellan as general-
in-chief of all Union forces
New Weapons in Civil War Ironclads Rifle Minie ball
SHILOH APRIL 6-7, 1862 TENNESSEE GRANT- NORTH BEAUREGARD- SOUTH BLOODIEST OF THE CIVIL WAR OVER 24,000 CASUALITIES 13,000-U.S 10,700-CSA More than in all previous American wars
combined NO CLEAR WINNER IN THE WEST
March1862 Battle of ironclads Confederate – Merrimack renamed
Virginia Union – Monitor Union Admiral David Farragut ordered to
seize New Orleans Merrimack sinks two wooden Union
ships No clear winner for ironclads
Battle of Second Bull Run Aug. 29-30, 1862 Stonewall Jackson with 55,000 troops
defeats Union General Pope with 75,000
ANTIETAM SEPTEMBER 17, 1862 MARYLAND NEAR ANTIETAM CREEK BLOODIEST ONE DAY BATTLE IN
THE HISTORY OF U.S. (26,000 casualties)
UNION VICTORY EMANICIPATION PROCLAMATION
(1863)
ANTIETAM PHOTO
ANTIETAM
LINCOLN JACKSON
Nov. 7, 1862
Lincoln replaces McClellan with Ambrose Burnside as the new Commander of the Army of the Potomac
Grant is placed in command of the Army of the West
Battle of Fredericksburg
Dec. 13, 1862 Burnside defeated (12,653) Confederates 5,309
Battle of Chancellorsville
May 1-4, 1863 Lee defeats Hooker Union – 17,000 casualties Confederate – 13,000 Stonewall killed
June 28, 1863
Lincoln replaces Hooker with George Meade as commander of the Army of the Potomac
5th man to command the Army in less than a year
GETTYSBURG July 1-3, 1863 PENNSYLANIA LINCOLN GAVE THE GETTYSBURG
ADDRESS TURNING POINT B/C CSA NO
LONGER HAD THE ABILITY TO LAUNCH AN OFFENSIVE IN UNION TERRITORY
VICKSBURG
JULY 4, 1863 MISSISSIPPI UNION GAINED CONTROL OF
MISSISSIPPI RIVER SPLIT SOUTH IN TWO PARTS GRANT- NORTH GENERAL PEMBERTON- SOUTH GEN.
Gettysburg Address
Nov. 1863 Little more than 2 minutes Explained the meaning of the war Before war people said “United States
are” After speech people said “United States
is”
July 18, 1863
Confederates attack Fort Wagner, South Carolina
54th Regiment – all black regiment Col. Shaw and half of 600 men are killed
March 9, 1864
Lincoln appoints Grant as commander of all Union armies
William T. Sherman succeeds Grant as commander of the West
MOBILE BAY
AUG. 5, 1864 UNION OCCUPATION CLOSED
IMPORTANT SUPPLY PORT OF THE CONFEDERACY
Admiral David Farragut – Union commander
ATLANTA is Captured
SEPT 2, 1864 SHERMAN BURNED ATLANTA,
DESTROYING THE SOUTH’S ABILITY TO GET SUPPLIES
Election of 1864 Republicans – Lincoln and Andrew
Johnson (Tennessee and pro Union Southerner)
Democrats – General McClellan (fired by Lincoln twice) promised negotiation
Lincoln won (212/233) electoral votes Ballots cast by Union soldiers
SHERMAN’S MARCH Dec. 1864 HAND-PICKED 60,000 SOLDIERS DESTROYED EVERYTHING IN A 60
MILE-WIDE PATH FROM CHATTANOOGA-ATLANTA-
SAVANNAH BROKE THE SPIRIT OF THE CSA
CREATING TENSION B/T THE N.& S. EVEN TODAY
Jan. 31, 1865
Congress approves 13th Amendment Submitted to states for ratification
March 4, 1865
President Lincoln Inaugurated Freedmen’s Bureau established to
provide assistance to emancipated slaves
APPOMATTOX
APRIL 9, 1865 LEE SURRENDERS TO GRANT IN VA CIVIL WAR ENDED
April 18, 1865
Confederate Joseph Johnston surrenders to Union Gen. Sherman in North Carolina
Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865 Shot by John Wilkes Booth Ford’s Theater (Washington D.C.) Dies the next morning at 7:22 Andrew Johnson became president Only Southern Senator to remain in
Congress after secession
April 26, 1865
John Wilkes Booth shot and killed in tobacco barn in Virginia
May 4, 1865
Lincoln buried in Oak Ridge Cemetary Outside of hometown – Springfield,
Illinios
May, 1865
Remaining Confederate forces surrender
Nation reunited 620,000 dead Disease killed twice as many as those
lost in battle 50,000 survivors had amputations
Dec. 6, 1865
13th Amendment ratified Slavery abolished