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Circulatory System
BLOOD
OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONS
TRANSPORTA. OF RESPIRATORY GASES O2 & CO2
B. NUTRIENTS
C. METABOLIC WASTES
D. HORMONES
E. HEAT
REGULATION OF
BODY TEMPERATURE
PROTECTION
AGAINST INFECTION
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
2 MAJOR COMPONENTS
FORMED ELEMENTS: BLOOD CELLS
PLASMA: COMPLEX AQUEOUS SOLUTION
FORMED ELEMENTS
3 MAJOR TYPES
ERYTHROCYTES: RBC’s (red blood cells)LEUKOCYTES: WBC’s (white blood cells)
THROMBOCYTES: PLATELETS
ERYTHROCYTES
MAIN FUNCTION:
TRANSPORT OF O2
TOP VIEW
RBC
NORMAL BLOOD
RBC PRODUCTION
• RBC’s LIVE 120 DAYS OR 700 MILES
• ARE PRODUCED IN RED BONE MARROW
• OLD CELLS ARE REMOVED BY SPLEEN OR LIVER
WHAT HAPPENS IF TOO MANY RED BLOOD CELLS ARE BROKEN DOWN FOR THE SPLEEN AND LIVER TO HANDLE?
JAUNDICE RESULTS
JAUNDICE
• A DISEASE CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY YELLOW SKIN & SCLERA OF THE EYES.
• IT IS DUE TO THE ACCUMULATION OF BILIRUBIN (COMES FROM RBC’S) IN THE TISSUES.
• • IT IS THE CALLED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA.
yellow sclera of the eye
ERYTHROCYTE PROBLEMS
ANEMIAA. HEMORRHAGIC
DUE TO BLOOD LOSSB. HEMOLYTIC
ABNORMAL DESTRUCTION OF RBC’sC. APLASTIC
INHIBITION OF RED MARROWD. IRON-DEFICIENCY
INADEQUATE DIETARY IRONE. PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
INADEQUATE DIETARY PROTEINF. PERNICIOUS
VITAMIN B DEFICIENCYG. SICKLE-CELL
HEREDITARY
POLYCYTHEMIA
TOO MANY RBC’s
NORMAL BLOOD
RBC
POLYCYTHEMIA
HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOU HAVE THE RIGHT NUMBER OF RED BLOOD
CELLS ?
DO A HEMATOCRIT
WHAT IS A HEMATOCRIT?
• THE PROPORTION OF YOUR BLOOD THAT IS MADE UP OF RED BLOOD CELLS.
• IT IS EXPRESSED AS A %.
• A VALUE OF 25% MEANS THAT 25% OF YOUR BLOOD IS RBC’s.
NORMAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
• 54% OF BLOOD IS PLASMA
• 45% OF BLOOD IS RBC’s
• 1% OF BLOOD IS WBC’s & PLATELETS
HOW IS IT DONE?
• BLOOD IS COLLECTED IN A CENTRIFUGE TUBE (see next slide)
• THEN IT IS SPUN IN A CENTRIFUGE (slide 29).
• THE HEAVIER FORMED ELEMENTS MOVE TO THE OUTSIDE END OF THE TUBE.
centrifuge
HEMATOCRIT
PLASMA
FORMED ELEMENTS45%
100%
NORMAL HEMATOCRIT VALUES
• AVERAGE: 45%
• FEMALES: 36-40%
• MALES: 40-50%
LEUKOCYTES (WBC’s)
LARGER & MORE COMPLEX THAN RBC’s
ARE FEWER IN NUMBER THAN RBC’s.
MOST IMPORTANT FUNCTION IS IMMUNITY
Types of WBC (leave 5 lines) NEUTROPHILS
(a type of WBC)
NEUTROPHILS (A WBC)
RBC
PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES)
• CELL FRAGMENTS
• LIFESPAN OF 5-9 DAY
• IMPORTANT IN THE PROCESS OF BLOOD CLOTTING
PLATELETS
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