Circulatory System

BLOOD

OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONS

TRANSPORTA. OF RESPIRATORY GASES O2 & CO2

B. NUTRIENTS

C. METABOLIC WASTES

D. HORMONES

E. HEAT

REGULATION OF

BODY TEMPERATURE

PROTECTION

AGAINST INFECTION

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

2 MAJOR COMPONENTS

FORMED ELEMENTS: BLOOD CELLS

PLASMA: COMPLEX AQUEOUS SOLUTION

FORMED ELEMENTS

3 MAJOR TYPES

ERYTHROCYTES: RBC’s (red blood cells)LEUKOCYTES: WBC’s (white blood cells)

THROMBOCYTES: PLATELETS

ERYTHROCYTES

MAIN FUNCTION:

TRANSPORT OF O2

TOP VIEW

RBC

NORMAL BLOOD

RBC PRODUCTION

• RBC’s LIVE 120 DAYS OR 700 MILES

• ARE PRODUCED IN RED BONE MARROW

• OLD CELLS ARE REMOVED BY SPLEEN OR LIVER

WHAT HAPPENS IF TOO MANY RED BLOOD CELLS ARE BROKEN DOWN FOR THE SPLEEN AND LIVER TO HANDLE?

JAUNDICE RESULTS

JAUNDICE

• A DISEASE CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY YELLOW SKIN & SCLERA OF THE EYES.

• IT IS DUE TO THE ACCUMULATION OF BILIRUBIN (COMES FROM RBC’S) IN THE TISSUES.

• • IT IS THE CALLED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA.

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yellow sclera of the eye

ERYTHROCYTE PROBLEMS

ANEMIAA. HEMORRHAGIC

DUE TO BLOOD LOSSB. HEMOLYTIC

ABNORMAL DESTRUCTION OF RBC’sC. APLASTIC

INHIBITION OF RED MARROWD. IRON-DEFICIENCY

INADEQUATE DIETARY IRONE. PROTEIN DEFICIENCY

INADEQUATE DIETARY PROTEINF. PERNICIOUS

VITAMIN B DEFICIENCYG. SICKLE-CELL

HEREDITARY

POLYCYTHEMIA

TOO MANY RBC’s

NORMAL BLOOD

RBC

POLYCYTHEMIA

HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOU HAVE THE RIGHT NUMBER OF RED BLOOD

CELLS ?

DO A HEMATOCRIT

WHAT IS A HEMATOCRIT?

• THE PROPORTION OF YOUR BLOOD THAT IS MADE UP OF RED BLOOD CELLS.

• IT IS EXPRESSED AS A %.

• A VALUE OF 25% MEANS THAT 25% OF YOUR BLOOD IS RBC’s.

NORMAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

• 54% OF BLOOD IS PLASMA

• 45% OF BLOOD IS RBC’s

• 1% OF BLOOD IS WBC’s & PLATELETS

HOW IS IT DONE?

• BLOOD IS COLLECTED IN A CENTRIFUGE TUBE (see next slide)

• THEN IT IS SPUN IN A CENTRIFUGE (slide 29).

• THE HEAVIER FORMED ELEMENTS MOVE TO THE OUTSIDE END OF THE TUBE.

centrifuge

HEMATOCRIT

PLASMA

FORMED ELEMENTS45%

100%

NORMAL HEMATOCRIT VALUES

• AVERAGE: 45%

• FEMALES: 36-40%

• MALES: 40-50%

LEUKOCYTES (WBC’s)

LARGER & MORE COMPLEX THAN RBC’s

ARE FEWER IN NUMBER THAN RBC’s.

MOST IMPORTANT FUNCTION IS IMMUNITY

Types of WBC (leave 5 lines) NEUTROPHILS

(a type of WBC)

NEUTROPHILS (A WBC)

RBC

PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES)

• CELL FRAGMENTS

• LIFESPAN OF 5-9 DAY

• IMPORTANT IN THE PROCESS OF BLOOD CLOTTING

PLATELETS